Abstract
Contextuality is a critical concept to understand the laws of Quantum Theory. It tells us how measurement can be affected by the context in which it is performed. As a result, we observe the violation of the classical inequalities. The wave-particle duality is also a fundamental concept explaining how quantum particles may behave as both waves and particles. In this work, we make a connection between quantum contextuality and the wave-particle duality. For this purpose, we propose a quantum circuit consisting of a couple of two-qubit gates and a Hadamard gate. We apply the Klyachko-Can-Binicioğlu-Shumovsky (KCBS) test to the symmetric two-qubit states corresponding to qutrits and observe that particle- and wave-like properties determine whether one may observe contextual behavior.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Gleason, A.: Measures on the closed subspaces of a hilbert space. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 6, 885–893 (1957)
Bell, J.S.: On the problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 447 (1966)
Specker, E.P.: Die logik nicht gleichzeitig entsc heidbarer aussagen. Dialectica. 14, 239–246 (1960)
Kochen, S., Specker, E.P.: The problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics. J. Math. Mech. 17, 59–87 (1967)
Ionicioiu, R., Terno, D.R.: Proposal for a quantum delayed-choice experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 230406 (2011)
Zheng, S.B., Zhong, Y.P., Xu, K., Wang, Q.J., Wang, H., Shen, L.T., Yang, C.P., Martinis, J.M., Cleland, A.N., Han, S.Y.: Quantum delayed-choice experiment with a beam splitter in a quantum superposition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 260403 (2015)
Liu, K., Xu, Y., Wang, W., Zheng, S.B., Roy, T., Kundu, S., Chand, M., Ranadive, A., Vijay, R., Song, Y., Duan, L., Sun, L.: A twofold quantum delayed-choice experiment in a superconducting circuit. Sci. Adv. 3, 1603159 (2017)
Xin, T., Li, H., Wang, B.X., Long, G.L.: Realization of an entanglement-assisted quantum delayed-choice experiment. Phys. Rev. A. 92, 022126 (2015)
Chen, X., Deng, Y., Liu, S., et al.: A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip. Nat. Commun. 12, 2712 (2021)
Tang, J.S., Li, Y.L., Xu, X.Y., Guo, G.C., Li, C.F., Xiang, G.Y.: Realization of quantum wheeler’s delayed-choice experiment. Nature Photon. 6, 600–604 (2012)
Roy, S.S., Shukla, A., Mahesh, T.S.: Nmr implementation of a quantum delayed-choice experiment. Phys. Rev. A 85, 022109 (2012)
Clauser, J.F., Horne, M.A., Shimony, A., Holt, R.A.: Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969)
Peruzzo, A., Shadbolt, P., Brunner, N., Popescu, S., O’Brien, J.L.: A quantum delayed-choice experiment. Science 338, 634–637 (2012)
Gisin, N.: Bell’s inequality holds for all non-product states. Phys. Lett. A. 154, 201–202 (1991)
Diker, F.: Mathematical relation between concurrence and intensity of a photon in the quantum delayed-choice experiment. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2148, 012010 (2022)
Gupta, S., Saha, D., Xu, Z.P., Cabello, A., Majumdar, A.S.: Quantum contextuality provides communication complexity advantage. Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 080802 (2023)
Bell, J.S.: On the einstein podolsky rosen paradox. Physics. 1, 195 (1964)
Aspect, A., Dalibard, J., Roger, G.: Experimental test of bell’s inequalities using time-varying analyzers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1804 (1982)
Freedman, S.J., Clauser, J.F.: Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 938 (1972)
Klyachko, A.: Coherent states, entanglement, and geometric invariant theory. https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0206012 (2002)
Klyachko, A.: Dynamical symmetry approach to entanglement. In: Gazeau, J.P., Nešetřil, J., Rovan, B. (eds.) Physics and Theoretical Computer Science: from Numbers and Languages to (quantum) Cryptography Security, pp. 25–54. Ios Press, Amsterdam (2007)
Binicioǧlu, S., Can, M.A., Klyachko, A.A., Shumovsky, A.S.: Entanglement of a single spin-1 object: an example of ubiquitous entanglement. Found. Phys. 37, 1253–1277 (2007)
Klyachko, A.A., Can, M.A., Binicioğlu, S., Shumovsky, A.S.: Simple test for hidden variables in spin-1 systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 020403 (2008)
Ahrens, J., Amselem, E., Cabello, A., Bourennane, M.: Two fundamental experimental tests of nonclassicality with qutrits. Sci. Rep. 3, 1 (2013)
Łapkiewicz, R., Li, P., Schaeff, C., Langford, N., Ramelow, S., Wiésniak, M., Zeilinger, A.: Experimental non-classicality of an indivisible quantum system. Nature. 474, 490–493 (2011)
Kurzyński, P., Kaszlikowski, D.: Contextuality of almost all qutrit states can be revealed with nine observables. Phys. Rev. A. 86, 042125 (2012)
Yu, S., Oh, C.H.: State-independent proof of kochen-specker theorem with 13 rays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 030402 (2012)
Can, M.A., Klyachko, A.A., Shumovsky, A.S.: Single-particle entanglement. J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7, 1 (2005)
Wootters, W.K., Zurek, W.H.: Complementarity in the double-slit experiment: quantum nonseparability and a quantitative statement of bohr’s principle. Phys. Rev. D. 19, 473 (1979)
Glauber, R.J.: Amplifiers, attenuators, and schrödinger’s cat a. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 480, 336–372 (1986)
Greenberger, D.M., Yasin, A.: Simultaneous wave and particle knowledge in a neutron interferometer. Phys. Lett. A. 128, 391–394 (1988)
Durr, S., Rempe, G.: Can wave-particle duality be based on the uncertainty relation? Am. J. Phys. 68, 1021–1024 (2000)
Englert, B.G.: Fringe visibility and which-way information: an inequality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2154 (1996)
Huang, J.H., Zhu, S.Y.: Complementarity and uncertainty in a two-way interferometer. https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5273 (2010)
Busch, P., Shilladay, C.: Complementarity and uncertainty in mach-zehnder interferometry and beyond. Phys. Rep. 435, 1–31 (2006)
Diker, F., Gedik, Z.: The degree of quantum contextuality in terms of concurrence for the kcbs scenario. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 61, 266 (2022)
Acknowledgements
Dr. Firat Diker would like to dedicate this work to the people who have lost their lives and those who have been affected by the earthquake in Turkey and Syria.
Funding
No funds, grants, or other support was received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Diker, F. Quantum Contextuality is in Good Agreement with the Delayed-Choice Method. Int J Theor Phys 62, 116 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05344-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05344-6