Abstract
To quantify the quantumness of an ensemble of quantum states, in this article, we generalize the definition of fidelity and affinity between the states to the ensemble of states. Exploiting the notion of fidelity and affinity-based coherence quantifiers of a quantum state, we propose a quantumness quantifier for the ensemble of quantum states. It is shown that the proposed quantifier satisfies the necessary axioms of a bonafide measure of quantumness. Finally, we compute the quantumness of a few well-known ensembles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nielsen, M. A., Chuang, I. L.: Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Walls, D. F., Milburn, G. J.: Quantum optics. Springer, New York (2008)
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., Maccone, L.: Quantum-enhanced measurements: beating the standard quantum limit science. 306, 1330 (2004)
Dobrzanski, D. R., Maccone, L.: Using entanglement against noise in quantum metrology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 250801 (2014)
Sarovar, M., Ishizaki, A., Fleming, G. R., Whaley, K. B.: Quantum entanglement in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes. Nat. Phys. 6, 462–467 (2010)
Lloyd, S.: Quantum coherence in biological systems. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 302, 012037 (2011)
Huelga, S. F., Plenio, M. B.: Vibrations, quanta and biology. Contemp. Phys. 54, 181–207 (2013)
Lambert, N., Chen, Y. -N., Cheng, Y. -C., Li, C. -M., Chen, G. -Y., Nori, F.: Quantum biology. Nat. Phys. 9, 10–18 (2013)
Aberg, J.: Catalytic coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 150402 (2014)
Lostaglio, M., Korzekwa, K., Jennings, D., Rudolph, T.: Quantum coherence, time-translation symmetry, and thermodynamics. Phys. Rev. X 5, 021001 (2015)
Buffoni, L., Solfanelli, A., Verrucchi, P., Cuccoli, A., Campisi, M.: Quantum measurement cooling. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 070603 (2019)
Baumgratz, T., Cramer, M., Plenio, M. B.: Quantifying coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014)
Girolami, D.: Observable measure of quantum coherence in finite dimensional systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 170401 (2014)
Yu, C. -S.: Quantum coherence via skew information and its polygamy. Phys. Rev. A 95, 042337 (2017)
Bu, K., Singh, U., Fei, S. -M., Pati, A. K., Wu, J.: Maximum relative entropy of coherence: an operational coherence measure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 150405 (2017)
Zhao, H., Yu, C. -S.: Reconfigurable and tunable twisted light laser. Sci. Rep. 8, 299 (2018)
Zhu, H., Hayashi, M., Chen, L.: . J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 47 (2017)
Rana, S., Parashar, P., Lewenstein, M.: Trace-distance measure of coherence. Phys. Rev. A 93, 012110 (2016)
Chen, B., Fei, S. M.: Notes on modified trace distance measure of coherence. Quantum Inf. Process. 17, 107 (2018)
Wang, Z., Wang, Y. L., Wang, Z. X.: Trace distance measure of coherence for a class of qudit states. Quantum Inf Process 15, 4641 (2016)
Xiong, C., Kumar, A., Wu, J.: Family of coherence measures and duality between quantum coherence and path distinguishability. Phys. Rev. A 98, 032324 (2018)
Jin, Z. -X., Fei, S. -M.: Quantifying quantum coherence and nonclassical correlation based on Hellinger distance. Phys. Rev. A 062342, 97 (2018)
Liu, C. L., Zhang, D. J., Yu, X. D., Ding, Q. -M., Liu, L.: . Quantum Inf. Process. 16, 198 (2017)
Feng, X. N., Wei, L. F.: Quantifying quantum coherence with quantum Fisher information. Sci. Rep. 14, 15492 (2017)
Muthuganesan, R., Chandrasekar, V. K., Sankaranarayanan, R.: Affinity based coherence measure. Phys. Lett. A 127205, 394 (2021)
Hu, M. -L., Hu, X., Wang, J., Peng, Y., Zhang, Y. -R., Fan, H.: Quantum coherence and geometric quantum discord. Phys. Rep. 762-764, 1–100 (2018)
Li, N., Luo, S., Mao, Y.: Quantifying the quantumness of ensembles. Phys. Rev. A 96, 022132 (2017)
Luo, S., Cao, N. X.: . Period. Math. Hung. 59, 223 (2009)
Hu, M. -L., Fan, H.: Relative quantum coherence, incompatibility, and quantum correlations of states. Phys. Rev. A 95, 052106 (2017)
Qi, X., Gao, T., Yan, F.: . Front. Phys. 13, 130309 (2018)
Mao, Y., Song, H.: Quantumness of ensembles via coherence. Phys. Lett. A 383, 2698–2703 (2019)
Luo, S., Li, N.: . Theor. Math. Phys. 169, 1724 (2011)
Ferro, L., Fazio, R., Illuminati, F., Marmo, G., Pascazio, S., Vedral, V.: . Eur. Phys. J. D. 72, 219 (2018)
Gisin, N., Massar, S.: Optimal quantum cloning machines. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2153 (1997)
Zhang, G. -F.: Thermal entanglement and teleportation in a two-qubit Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinski-Moriya anisotropic antisymmetric interaction. Phys. Rev. A 75, 034304 (2007)
Bogdanov, Y. I., Brida, G., Genovese, M., Kulik, S. P., Moreva, E. V., Shurupov, A. P.: Statistical estimation of the efficiency of quantum state tomography protocols. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 010404 (2010)
Gorin, T., Prosen, T., Seligman, H., Znidaric, M.: Dynamics of Loschmidt echoes and fidelity decay. Phys. Rep. 435, 33 (2006)
Gu, S.-J.: . Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 24, 4371 (2010)
Muthuganesan, R., Chandrasekar, V. K.: Characterizing nonclassical correlation using affinity. Quantum Inf. Process. 18, 223 (2019)
Muthuganesan, R., Chandrasekar, V. K.: Measurement-induced nonlocality based on affinity. Commun. Theor. Phys. 72, 2020 (075103)
Muthuganesan, R., Sankaranaraynan, R.: Fidelity based measurement induced nonlocality. Phys. Lett. A 381, 3028 (2017)
Jozsa, R.: Fidelity for mixed quantum states. J. Mod. opt. 41, 2315 (1994)
Holevo, A. S.: On quasiequivalence of locally normal states. Theor. Math. Phys. 13, 1071 (1972)
Luo, S., Zhang, Q.: Informational distance on quantum-state space. Phys. Rev. A 032106, 69 (2004)
Bhattacharyya, A.: On a measure of divergence between two statistical populations defined by their probability distribution. Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society 35, 99 (1943)
Shao, L. -H., Xi, Z., Fan, H., Li, Y.: Fidelity and trace-norm distances for quantifying coherence. Phys. Rev. A 91, 032106 (2015)
Xiong, C., Kumar, A., Wu, J.: Family of coherence measures and duality between quantum coherence and path distinguishability. Phys. Rev. A 98, 032324 (2018)
Bennett, C. H.: Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3121 (1992)
Bennett, C. H., Brassard, G.: Proc. IEEE int. Conf. on computers Systems and Signal Processing, pp. 175–179 (1984)
Phonex, S. J. D., Barnett, S. M., Chefles, A.: Three-state quantum cryptography. J. Mod. Opt. 47, 507 (2000)
Boileau, J. C., Tamaki, K., Batuwantudawe, J., Laflamme, R., Renes, J. M.: Unconditional security of a three state quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 040503 (2005)
Bruß, D.: Optimal eavesdropping in quantum cryptography with six states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3018 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muthuganesan, R., Chandrasekar, V.K. Quantifying the Quantumness of an Ensemble of Quantum States. Int J Theor Phys 61, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05042-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05042-9