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Quantum Signature without Classical Private Key

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Abstract

Generally, in a quantum signature protocol, the signature is produced with the signatory’s classical private key, which is a secret bit string. In most of the signature schemes, it is assumed that the classical private keys are secretly kept. However, in practice, the protection of the classical private key may be vulnerable to various special attacks such as side channel attack, power analysis and cool boot attack. The classical private key may also be disclosed due to the mismanagement of its owner and distributor. Once the signatory’s private key is disclosed, the quantum signature system can be broken. In this paper, a novel quantum signature scheme without classical private key is proposed. In this protocol, the signatory and the trusted third party share the Bell states. The signatory signs a message with the Bell states rather than classical private key. The quantum signature is verified with the Bell states as well. Therefore, it is impossible for any quantum adversary to forge a particle by getting some information about the classical private key. The security of our scheme fully relies on the quantum property of the physical particle. Our scheme can resist against various attacks such as forgery attack, disavowal attack, inter-resending attack and measurement attack. Our signing protocol has the better qubit efficiency than the similar ones.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (CN) (No.22A413010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Management, Henan Institute of Economics and Trade, Zhenazhou, 450008, China

    Mingcan Chen

  2. College of Software Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Xiangjun Xin

  3. General Education Center, Zhengzhou Business University, Gongyi, 451200, China

    Dongsheng Chen

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  1. Mingcan Chen
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  2. Xiangjun Xin
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  3. Dongsheng Chen
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Correspondence to Xiangjun Xin.

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Chen, M., Xin, X. & Chen, D. Quantum Signature without Classical Private Key. Int J Theor Phys 61, 19 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-022-05025-w

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