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Ground State Phases of Spin-Orbit Coupled Spin-1 Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates

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Abstract

The ground state phases of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with Rashba spin-orbit coupled (SOC) and dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) are studied. Different density distributions in each component and spin structures are studied, depending on the competition between the DDI and SOC. We classify the ground state phases into six types of the stable phases, i.e., the stripe phase-I (SP-I), the stripe phase-II (SP-II), the vortex phase-I (VP-I), vortex phase-II (VP-II), vortex phase-III (VP-III) and the square phase (SQP). When the SOC strength is weak, the ground state phase is the SP-I with weak DDI and VP-I with strong DDI. With increasing the SOC strength to moderate strength, the number of spin stripe and spin vortex increases. In addition, the system undergoes a sequence phase transitions from the SP-II to the VP-II, and to the VP-III. For the maximal SOC strength, the system only undergoes a sequence phase transitions from the SP-II to the SQP.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Ph.D. Start-up Fund of North China University of Science and Technology (Grant No. BS2017096).

Funding

Ph.D. Start-up Fund of North China University of Science and Technology (Grant No. BS2017096).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China

    Qiang Zhao

  2. Department of Computer Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 063000, China

    Hongjing Bi

Authors
  1. Qiang Zhao
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  2. Hongjing Bi
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Contributions

All authors have made substantial intellectual contributions to the research work. Q. Z. conceived the idea of the paper; H. J. B. performed the numerical simulations and prepared the data. Q. Z. supervised the numerical simulations work. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qiang Zhao.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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The datasets used or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Custom code is written by Fortran language. Some or all data generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.

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Zhao, Q., Bi, H. Ground State Phases of Spin-Orbit Coupled Spin-1 Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates. Int J Theor Phys 60, 2804–2811 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-021-04877-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-021-04877-y

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