Abstract
By seeking for a useful generic solution of Lindblad master equation, we find that the density matrix of mixed state carries with the geometric messages, where the density matrix of mixed state is expanded in terms of a complete set of normalized, traceless and Hermitian matrices together with a unit matrix in a Hilbert space. Our approach to the geometric phases of mixed state are directly from the master equation describing a dynamic evolution of open system and therefore may be conceptually useful in analyzing the geometric phases of mixed state. An example is discussed for the nuclear-magnetic-resonance system interacting with its surrounding environment.
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Wang, Z.S. Nonadiabatic Geometric Phases Induced by Master Equation in Open Quantum System. Int J Theor Phys 51, 3647–3654 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1251-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1251-2