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Friedmann-Like Equations for High Energy Area of Universe

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Abstract

In this paper, evolution of the high energy area of universe, through the scenario of 5 dimensional (5D) universe, has been studied. For this purpose, we solve Einstein equations for 5D metric and 5D perfect fluid to derive Friedmann-like equations. Then we obtain the evolution of scale factor and energy density with respect to both space-like and time-like extra dimensions. We obtain the novel equations for the space-like extra dimension and show that the matter with zero pressure cannot exist in the bulk. Also, for dark energy fluid and vacuum fluid, we have both accelerated expansion and contraction in the bulk.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 678, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran

    E. Yusofi

  2. Department of Physics, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

    M. Mohsenzadeh

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  1. E. Yusofi
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  2. M. Mohsenzadeh
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Correspondence to E. Yusofi.

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Yusofi, E., Mohsenzadeh, M. Friedmann-Like Equations for High Energy Area of Universe. Int J Theor Phys 51, 3567–3574 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1243-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-012-1243-2

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