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Analysis of the Non-Newtonian Behavior and Viscosity of GNSs-CuO/Liquid EG Hybrid Nanofluid: An Experimental and Feed-Forward ANN Study

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Abstract

The knowledge of thermophysical properties of heat transfer systems such as their dynamic viscosity is of interest for their efficiency improvement and miniaturization. Hybrid nanofluids are obtained by the suspension of nanoparticles in base fluids. In this study, the effects of temperature (at four levels, from 5 °C to 65 °C) and mass percentage (from 0.005 % to 5 %) were investigated on the dynamic viscosity of two types of graphene nanosheets-copper oxide/ethylene glycol (GNSs-CuO/liquid EG) hybrid nanofluids, i.e., 25 %GNSs-75 %CuO/liquid EG and 75 %GNSs-25 %CuO/liquid EG hybrid nanofluids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta Potential were analyzed to investigate the shape, size, and stability of the nanoparticles. Results showed the non-Newtonian behavior and very high stability of the studied GNSs-CuO/liquid EG hybrid nanofluids. This behavior was more remarkable at high temperatures, high mass concentrations, and low shear rates. In similar temperatures and mass fractions, GNSs resulted in a higher increase in viscosity and relative viscosity compared to CuO nanoparticles. Furthermore, a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), as a robust machine learning algorithm, was used to predict the dynamic viscosity of both studied hybrid nanofluids having their mass percentage, temperature, and shear stress as network inputs. The acceptable precision of the ANN model and its generalization were observed through the comparison of experimental and predicted data and the smoothness of the obtained model surfaces, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Engineering, Shanxi Engineering Vocational College, Taiyuan, 030062, China

    Jing Wang

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Arash Karimipour, Seyed Amin Bagherzadeh & Ali Abdollahi

  3. Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    S. Mohammad Sajadi

  4. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Astronautica, Elettrica ed Energetica - Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Annunziata D’Orazio

  5. Firat University, Science Faculty, Department of Mathematics, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Mustafa Inc

  6. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan

    Mustafa Inc

Authors
  1. Jing Wang
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  2. Arash Karimipour
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  3. S. Mohammad Sajadi
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  4. Annunziata D’Orazio
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  5. Seyed Amin Bagherzadeh
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  6. Ali Abdollahi
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  7. Mustafa Inc
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Contributions

JW: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. AK: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. SMS: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. AD: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. SAB: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. AA: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology. MI: Formal analysis; Writing—review & editing; Methodology.

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Correspondence to Jing Wang or Mustafa Inc.

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Wang, J., Karimipour, A., Sajadi, S.M. et al. Analysis of the Non-Newtonian Behavior and Viscosity of GNSs-CuO/Liquid EG Hybrid Nanofluid: An Experimental and Feed-Forward ANN Study. Int J Thermophys 44, 103 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-023-03196-0

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