Abstract
Iron-nickel alloys with certain compositions are known for their very exceptional properties: e.g., FeNi36 with a nickel content of 36 %, also known as Invar 36, shows a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). For this reason, the use of FeNi36 has revolutionized the design of many precision instruments. The special property of a very low CTE remains until the Curie point (\({T}_{\mathrm{Curie}}\)) is reached. In literature, Curie temperatures in a wide temperature range are reported for this material. Values between 230 and 280 °C can be found. Proper determination of the Curie point is essential to delimit the working temperature range of the material. In contrast to other materials, such as nickel, magnetic steel, electrolytic iron and cobalt, for which the Curie temperature can be deduced from DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and LFA (Laser/Light Flash Analysis) data, by identifying extrema in the Curie transition range, such an evaluation is not meaningful and realizable for FeNi36 data. In this study, the Curie temperature of FeNi36 was determined with STA (Simultaneous Thermal Analysis) following ASTM E 1582–21, yielding a value of \({T}_{\mathrm{Curie}}\approx 256^\circ \mathrm{C}\). It will be shown that the analysis of the inflection point of DSC, LFA, but also DIL (Dilatometry) data, can yield consistent values for the Curie temperature of FeNi36, too. However, the electrical conductivity measured by SBA (Simultaneous Determination of Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Conductivity) did not show any evidence of the Curie point.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Dr. Jan Hanss and Dorothea Stobitzer for the DSC measurements, Doreen Rapp for the DIL measurements, Patrick Schütz for the sample preparation and Dr. Jürgen Blumm for fruitful discussions.
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AL and EP: planned and performed the experiments, evaluated the data, wrote the main manuscript text and prepared the figures together.
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Lauerer, A., Post, E. Thermo-physical Properties of FeNi36 and Possibilities for Determination of the Curie Point. Int J Thermophys 44, 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03124-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03124-8