Abstract
The goal of the study was to measure glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). Absorption spectra from 250 nm to 750 nm were obtained at room temperature from six commercial standards of HbA1c. The sample (60 \(\mu L\)) was confined in a photoacoustic cell. The cell was impinged with a monochromatic light originated in xenon lamp (700 W) and was modulated in a mechanical optical chopper (fixed at 17 Hz). The modulated light heated the sample which releases the heat to the air in the cell, producing changes in pressure that were detected by a microphone and amplified to be recorded as an absorption spectrum. Five measurements were performed in every standard. The area under the curve (auc) of the spectra (250 nm to 750 nm) significantly correlated (p = 0.01) with and was dependent on the standard HbA1c concentration (3.1 % to 19.8 %). As far as we know, it is the first time that PAS has been used to detect HbA1c. It is concluded that PAS, a non-destructive technique, is a suitable technology to measure Hba1c, with the advantages of using small samples that are available for the measurement of other substances by the same technology.
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Not applicable. Data availability program package, available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank E. Ayala, R. Fragoso, M. Guerrero, and A. B. Soto for their technical support at the Physics Department, CINVESTAV-IPN. The study was supported by grants SECTEI No. 282-2019 and SIP20212108. In addition, the study was supported by Technological Development Projects or Innovation for IPN students and Olvera LI also thanks to CONACYT México for PhD scholarship CVU 786246.
Funding
This study was supported by grant SECTEI No. 282-2019.
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LIO performed all the experimental measurements, wrote the initial proposed manuscript, realized the figures, and also reviewed the final manuscript. CV complemented the medical interpretation of results, revised the statistical analysis, and also reviewed the manuscript and AC interpreted the photoacoustic experimental measurements, based on the optical absorption spectra, and also reviewed the manuscript. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.
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Olvera, L.I., Villanueva, C. & Cruz, A. Measurement of Glycated Hemoglobin Through Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: A Non-destructive Assessment. Int J Thermophys 43, 157 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03081-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03081-2