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Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Efficiency of Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger Using Ethylene Glycol-Distilled Water Based Fe3O4 Nanofluid

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Abstract

In this study, the effect of \({{Fe}}_{3}{{O}}_{4}\) magnetic nanoparticles on the efficiency of helically coiled tube heat exchanger (HCHE) has been investigated both numerically and experimentally. The solution of 20 % Ethylene glycol (EG) and distilled water is used as the base fluid. The effect of parameters including volume fraction of nanoparticles, coil inlet temperature, flow rate at the shell/coil side, and coil diameter on the heat transfer of the heat exchanger has been investigated. The results show that with increasing the flow rate on the coil side, the heat transfer coefficients and the Nusselt number are increased. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficient for the solution of distilled water-ethylene glycol increases by about 60 % with 0.1 volume fraction of \({{Fe}}_{3}{{O}}_{4}\) nanoparticles. As the coil inlet temperature increases from 40 \(^\circ{\rm C} \) to 60 \(^\circ{\rm C} \), the overall Nusselt number increases by 22 %. As expected, as the nanofluid flow rate increases, the heat transfer coefficient increases. For a wide range of flow rates, the internal and external heat transfer coefficients of the coil have been obtained.

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Abbreviations

A:

Area, mm2

\({C}_{1},{C}_{2},{C}_{1{\varepsilon }_{d}},{C}_{3{\varepsilon }_{d}}\) :

\(k-\varepsilon \) Turbulence model constants

\({C}_{p}\) :

Specific heat, \( Jkg^{{ - 1}} \cdot K^{{ - 1}} \)

D \((m)\) :

Tube diameter,\(m\)

\({G}_{b}\) :

Generation of turbulent kinetic energy due to buoyancy

\({G}_{k}\) :

Generation of turbulent kinetic energy due to the mean velocity gradients

\(De\) :

Dean number

\({d}_{np}(m)\) :

Diameter of nanoparticle, \(nm\)

\({d}_{c}(m)\) :

Diameter of coil, \(mm\)

EG :

Ethylene glycol

\(\dot{m}\) :

Flow rate, \( kg \cdot s^{{ - 1}} \)

\(h\) :

Heat transfer coefficient, \( W \cdot m^{{ - 2}} \cdot K^{{ - 1}} \)

k :

Thermal conductivity, \( W \cdot m^{{ - 1}} \cdot K^{{ - 1}} \)

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number

\(Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number

\({S}_{ij}\) :

Deformation tensor

\({S}_{k}\) :

Mean strain rate for \(k\)

\(T (K)\) :

Temperature, \(K\)

\(NTU\) :

Number of transfer units

\(L\) :

Shell length, \(m\)

\({P}_{outlet}\) :

Outlet pressure, \(Pa\)

\(u\) :

Fluid velocity, \( m \cdot s^{{ - 1}} \)

\(U\) :

Overall heat transfer coefficient, \( W \cdot m^{{ - 2}} .^{^\circ } {\text{C}} \)

\({\Delta T}_{ln}\) :

Logarithmic mean temperature difference, \(K\)

\( \rho (kg \cdot m^{{ - 3}} ) \) :

Density, \( kg \cdot m^{{ - 3}} \)

\(\varphi \) :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles

\(\mu \) :

Dynamic viscosity, \(Pa.s\)

\({\sigma }_{k}\) :

Turbulence Prandtl number for \(k\)

\(\varepsilon \) :

Heat exchanger efficiency

\(c\) :

Coil

\(sh\) :

Shell

\(nf\) :

Nanofluid

\(p\) :

Solid particle

\(i\) :

Inlet

\(o\) :

Outlet

act:

Actual

max:

Maximum

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Acknowledgements

The authors would also like to show their gratitude to the Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, for providing the required location for performing the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Afshin Ghaderi, Saman Aminian & Mohammad Najafi

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

    Farzad Veysi, Saman Aminian & Zahra Andami

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  1. Afshin Ghaderi
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Correspondence to Saman Aminian.

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Ghaderi, A., Veysi, F., Aminian, S. et al. Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Efficiency of Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger Using Ethylene Glycol-Distilled Water Based Fe3O4 Nanofluid. Int J Thermophys 43, 118 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-03041-w

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