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Single and Multi-phase Change Materials Used in Cooling Systems

International Journal of Thermophysics volume 43, Article number: 61 (2022) Cite this article

Abstract

The use of refrigerators and air conditioners has been increasing in domestic and commercial buildings constantly over the last century, resulting in a significant increase in energy demand. Thermal energy storage (TES) system may be able to reduce energy and temperature fluctuations and enhance the overall need or the performance of cooling systems. Application of phase change materials (PCMs) in TES systems can be beneficial for balancing supply and demand in energy, minimizing and shifting the peak cooling loads, reducing the temperature fluctuations. This article presents an overview of TES systems incorporating PCMs for air conditioning, refrigerators, and freezers. Literature shows different ways to incorporate PCMs in air conditioning systems. PCM use in compartments and evaporators and PCM as a heat storage medium in condensers prevail in the present review. Organic-based PCMs are the most widely used materials in air conditioning systems. Then, this study compares the applications of single and multi-PCMs in cooling systems. The results showed that, compared to a single PCM configuration, multi-PCM configurations improved heat transfer rates, reduced the gap between peak and off-peak loads of electricity demand, and shifted electricity consumption from peak to off-peak times. In conclusion, this study indicates that the potential for using PCM in refrigerators and air conditioners still requires further investigation on improving the PCMs properties and the PCM container materials and developing analytical methods for accurately predicting the PCM behavior.

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Abbreviations

PCM:

Phase change material

m-PCMs:

Multi-phase change materials

MEPCM:

Microencapsulated PCM

COP:

Coefficient of performance

LHS:

Latent heat storage

HTF:

Heat transfer fluid

LHTES:

Latent heat thermal energy storage

TES:

Thermal energy storage

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimeter

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamics

CTES:

Cold thermal energy storage

SSPCM:

Shape stabilized phase change material

HCE-SSPCM:

Heat conduction enhanced shape-stabilized phase change material

RSM:

Response surface methodology

DOE:

Design of experiments

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

CPCM:

Composite PCM

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  1. Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada

    Leila Abdolmaleki & Umberto Berardi

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  2. Umberto Berardi
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Abdolmaleki, L., Berardi, U. Single and Multi-phase Change Materials Used in Cooling Systems. Int J Thermophys 43, 61 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-022-02989-z

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Keywords

  • Phase change materials
  • Cooling systems
  • Air-conditioning systems
  • Refrigerators and freezers
  • Thermal energy storage