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Thermal Properties of Natural Graphite Flake Enhanced Phase Change Material from ‘T-History’ Method

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Abstract

Growing interest has been on augmenting thermal transport properties of phase change materials (PCM) using additives at micro/nano—metric scale. Thermal characterization of PCMs becomes essential for effective design of cool thermal energy storage systems. In this work, latent heat and specific heat of water dispersed with natural graphite flake (NGF) are determined from ‘T-History’ method, derived from actual mass of PCM. Results of enthalpy of fusion from ‘T-History’ and differential scanning calorimetry analysis of reference PCM are compared with standard data, exhibiting a deviation of 0.5 % and 24.5 %, respectively. For water dispersed with NGF called micro-particle enhanced PCM (MePCM), a shortened solidification duration results to a reduction of enthalpy by 13 % at 3 wt. %. Using lumped heat analysis, the specific heat of MePCMs is evaluated and analyzed. Further, increase in pressure inside the capsule should be taken into consideration while optimizing the mass fraction of NGF. In summary, the proposed method simplifies thermal characterization of MePCMs in an economical manner, also alleviating discrepancies in thermophysical properties, due to sample size and cooling rate in other measurement methods.

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Abbreviations

i:

Initial

in:

Inner

LH:

Latent heat

MePCM:

Micro particle enhanced phase change material

Ref PCM:

Reference phase change material

ref:

Reference temperature

RTD:

Resistance temperature detector

SLC:

Sensible liquid cooling

sph:

Spherical capsule

SSC:

Sensible solid cooling

sub:

Subcooled

w:

Water

A :

Area (m2)

\({\uprho }\) :

Density (kg·m−3)

\(\Delta {\text{h}}\) :

Enthalpy of fusion (kJ·kg−1)

\(r*\) :

Freeze front or solid–liquid interface radius

Q:

Heat stored (kJ)

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W·m−2 K−1)

\(\phi\) :

Particles volume concentration

\({\text{c}}\) :

Specific heat (kJ·kg−1 K−1)

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\(t\) :

Time (s)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Technology Mission Division (Grant No. DST/TMD/MES/2K16/98), Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, Government of India and Center for Research, Anna University, Chennai.

Funding

Funding was provided by Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant Number DST/TMD/MES/2K16/98) and Center for Research, Anna University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEG Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    K. S. Raghavan & V. Kumaresan

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  1. K. S. Raghavan
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Raghavan, K.S., Kumaresan, V. Thermal Properties of Natural Graphite Flake Enhanced Phase Change Material from ‘T-History’ Method. Int J Thermophys 43, 39 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02957-z

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