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Experimental Study on Thermophysical Properties of Propylene Glycol-Based Graphene Nanofluids

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Abstract

This study determined the optimal dispersion conditions of nanofluids by orthogonal experiments. Stable graphene/propylene glycol nanofluids are successfully prepared by a "two-step method" using a 60 wt % propylene glycol deionized water solution as the base fluid, and its thermal conductivity and viscosity are evaluated. Additionally, the effects of the graphene mass concentration and nanofluid temperature on thermal conductivity and viscosity are expounded, and a model for the prediction of thermophysical properties is established. The combined effect of thermal conductivity and viscosity on the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids is analyzed theoretically, and the optimum mass concentration of graphene is determined. The results show that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids increases with the increase of the graphene concentration and nanofluid temperature. Also, the viscosity of nanofluid increases with the increase of the graphene concentration and decreases significantly with the increase of the nanofluid temperature. When the mass concentration of graphene is higher than 0.2 wt %, the increase in thermal conductivity caused by the increase of the graphene mass concentration decreases significantly, while the increase of viscosity increases significantly, and the effect of the heat transfer enhancement is almost not improved.

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Abbreviations

C k :

Enhanced heat transfer coefficient

\({C}_{p}\) :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J·kg−1·K−1)

\({D}_{TCI}\) :

Stepwise increase in thermal conductivity (%)

\({D}_{VI}\) :

Stepwise increase in viscosity (%)

\(d\) :

Characteristic length (m)

\(h\) :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W·m−2·K−1)

\({K}_{i}\) :

Sum of all absorbance values at the i level of a single factor

\({k}_{i}\) :

Average value of each factor at all levels

\(l\) :

Geometric Characteristic Length of Heat Transfer Surface (m)

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number

\(Pr\) :

Prandtl number

\(\text{R}\) :

Difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of \({k}_{i}\)

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number

TPS:

Transient plane source

\(T\) :

Temperature (℃)

\(TCI\) :

Average value of the increase of thermal conductivity (%)

\(V\) :

Flow velocity (m·s−1)

\(VI\) :

Average value of the increase of viscosity (%)

\(w,\) :

Mass concentration of graphene (wt %)

\(\mu \) :

Viscosity (mPa·s)

\(\lambda \) :

Thermal conductivity (W·m−2·k−1)

\(\rho \) :

Density (kg·m−3)

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 51406070], Projects of ‘Six talent peak’ of Jiangsu Province [Grant No. 2017-JSQC-008], and A Project of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People’s Republic of China

    Fei Dong, Junshen Wan, Yakang Feng, Zhiming Wang & Jie Ni

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  1. Fei Dong
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Dong, F., Wan, J., Feng, Y. et al. Experimental Study on Thermophysical Properties of Propylene Glycol-Based Graphene Nanofluids. Int J Thermophys 42, 46 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02798-w

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