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Investigation of Exergy of Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Synthesized Hybrid Nanofluid Developed by Modeling

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Abstract

Synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were incorporated on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes using ultrasonication condition and incipient wetness impregnation technique (IWI). Morphological surfaces and structures of the prepared nanocomposite were investigated by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed a modification of thermophysical properties of prepared hybrid nanofluids compared to untreated carbon nanotube-water. Four parameters (Reynolds number, nanofluid volume fraction, twisted (pitch) ratio, and cavity diameter ratio) were investigated, and their impacts on the exergy efficiency enhancement of double-pipe heat exchanger were determined. Modifying response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) to realize the optimal exergy efficiency of the system (98.4 %) showed the possibility to improve all control variables contemporarily and with significant accuracy. There was a strong correlation between the experimental and predicted values by Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA) (R2 = 0.92). Minimum mean square error (MSE) was found using a three-layer ANN with 10 neurons in the hidden layer. The results show that the increased Reynolds number and nanofluid volume fraction lead to increases in the heat transfer and exergy efficiency of the system. However, while adding pitches and cavities of the spiral strip to heat exchanger increases heat transfer due to the increasing turbulence flow, at larger pitches and cavity numbers, heat transfer and exergy efficiency were reduced. This was confirmed using two computer-modeling approaches which allow optimization of the exergy of the system.

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Abbreviations

Cp :

Specific heat capacity (J·kg−1·K−1)

EX:

Exergy (W)

H:

Height (mm)

k:

Thermal conductivity (W·m−1·K−1)

m:

Mass flow rate (kg·s−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number

ΔP:

Pressure drop (Pa)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

S:

Entropy (kg·m2·s−2·K−1)

T:

Temperature (K, °C)

TR:

Twisted ratio

TD:

Cavities diameter ratio

ρ :

Density (kg·m−3)

µ :

Viscosity (Ns·m−2)

ε:

Exergetic efficiency

φ:

Volume fraction (%)

bf:

Base fluid

c:

Cold

des:

Desire

gen:

Generation

h:

Hot

in:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

out:

Outlet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), Siena University, Via A Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Fatemeh Nasirzadehroshenin & Alireza pourmozafari

  2. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O.Box. 19395-3667, Tehran, Iran

    Heydar Maddah

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Sakhaeinia

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  1. Fatemeh Nasirzadehroshenin
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  2. Heydar Maddah
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Correspondence to Fatemeh Nasirzadehroshenin.

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Nasirzadehroshenin, F., Maddah, H., Sakhaeinia, H. et al. Investigation of Exergy of Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Synthesized Hybrid Nanofluid Developed by Modeling. Int J Thermophys 40, 87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2551-z

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