Abstract
Pulsed laser irradiation of a weakly absorbing fluid sphere in a transparent medium results in the production of a large thermal gradient at the surface of the sphere. The rapid transfer of heat from the sphere to the surrounding fluid as a result of the thermal gradient generates high frequency photoacoustic transients which affect the leading edge of a photoacoustic wave. Here, the character of the photoacoustic wave is determined by solving a modified wave equation for the photoacoustic effect. A solution to the heat diffusion equation is determined, which, together with the heating function for the optical source, provides the source term for the wave equation for pressure. The wave equation is then solved with appropriate boundary conditions using Laplace transform techniques to give the photoacoustic waveform. The relative magnitude of the transient to the N-shaped wave is shown to be determined, in part, by the laser pulse length.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
For water at 20 Celsius, \(\gamma \) differs from unity by less than 1 %. For organic liquids the approximation is not so good. For instance for toluene \(\gamma -1=0.35.\)
References
V.E. Gusev, A.A. Karabutov, Laser Optoacoustics (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1993)
L.M. Lyamshev, Radiation Acoustics (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2004)
L.M. Lyamshev, L.V. Sedov, Phys. Rev. 3, 459 (1981)
P.J. Westervelt, R.S. Larson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 121 (1973)
P.M. Morse, K.U. Ingard, Theoretical Acoustics (Harwood Academic, Reading, PA, 1991)
F.V. Bunkin, A.A. Kolomensky, V.G. Mikhalevich, Lasers in Acoustics (Harwood Academic, Reading, PA, 1991)
A.I. Bozhkov, F.V. Bunkin, A.A. Kolomenskii, V.G. Mikhalevich, Sov. Sci. Rev. A. Phys. Rev. 3, 459 (1981)
G.J. Diebold, M.I. Khan, S.M. Park, Science 250, 101 (1990)
G.J. Diebold, P.J. Westervelt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 2245 (1988)
G.J. Diebold, A.C. Beveridge, T.J. Hamilton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 1780 (2002)
M.I. Khan, T. Sun, G.J. Diebold, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 931 (1993)
G.J. Diebold, T. Sun, M.I. Khan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3384 (1991)
T. Sun, G.J. Diebold, Nature 355, 806 (1992)
L. Wang (ed.), Photoacoustic Imaging and Spectroscopy (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009)
B. Wu, C. Frez, G.J. Diebold, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 124105 (2013)
S. Temkin, Elements of Acoustics (Wiley, New York, 1981)
C. Frez, Transient Gratings in Particle Suspensions: The Effect of Thermal Nonlinearity and Bubble Formation. Ph.D. Thesis (Brown University, Providence, RI, 2008)
A. Erdelyi (ed.), Bateman Manuscript Project (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954)
M. Abramowitz, I. A. Stegun (eds), Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. Applied Mathematics Series No. 55 (National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD, 1964)
H.S. Carslaw, J.C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the US Department of Energy for support of this research under Grant ER16011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frez, C., Diebold, G.J. Thermally Induced Photoacoustic Transients Produced by Laser-Irradiated Fluid Spheres. Int J Thermophys 35, 2171–2177 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-013-1558-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-013-1558-0