Low-Cost Ratiometric Front-End for Industrial PRT Applications

Abstract

Cost, size, speed, and measurement range limitations make the resistance bridge not always suitable for temperature measurements with platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) in industrial applications. However, high-accuracy resistance thermometer systems are often needed in many industrial applications, where measurement performances comparable to resistance bridges are often needed at a lower cost and size. A tiny, portable, ratiometric front-end exploiting a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with Σ Δ modulator is described. It was designed to measure the resistance ratio between a 100 Ω industrial PRT (IPRT) and a reference resistor with repeatability to within a few parts in 10⁶. Its small size makes it ideal for integration in the stem-handle assembly of a thermometric probe, enabling an early transmission of measurement data in digital form. The ADC-based system design, development, and performance testing are discussed. The system was investigated in the resistance ratio range from about 4 × 10⁻³ to 5 × 10⁻². Furthermore, a comparison between the system performance and a commercial AC resistance bridge was carried out and the results reported in this paper. An accurate thermometer for industrial applications resulted from the above developments. The compactness of the devices enabled an implementation of the ‘smart sensor’ concept in the measurement chain, where the front-end electronics was placed inside the IPRT handle together with an integrated memory to hold device identification, calibration coefficients, and the associated uncertainty. All data are transmitted to the readout module and are available to the user at a 5 Hz update rate for further analysis.