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Performance Degradation Caused by Ionization of the Released Gas Molecules in W-Band Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube Based on a Simplified Ionization Model

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Abstract

Analysis of the performance degradation for W-band lossy ceramic-loaded gyrotron traveling wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) caused by ionization of the released gas molecules is presented in this paper. The gas is released from the lossy ceramics during high average or continuous wave operation and ionized by colliding with the high-energy gyrating electrons. A potential well will be formed by the diffusion and accumulation of the ionization particles after the collision and then degrade the gyro-TWT performance. This process has been simulated based on a simplified model by introducing an equivalent ionization source combining ions and electrons. With a vacuum of \(5.1 \times 10^{-5}\) Pa, the theoretically calculated initial energy and equivalent ionization current are 0.01 eV and 0.5 A, respectively. It leads to a deterioration in the output power stability of the gyro-TWT. The performance degradation including spectrum and field pattern caused by gas ionization is also given and analyzed. One of the primary causes is the quality (pitch factor and velocity spread) degradation of the electron beam. According to the simulation and hot test experiments, the vacuum should be maintained below \(2.1 \times 10^{-6}\) Pa for stabilizing the amplified operation.

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Funding

This paper is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61921002 and 62171100.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

    Yu Wang, Guo Liu, Wei Jiang, Yelei Yao, Jianxun Wang & Yong Luo

  2. Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Cognition and Intelligent Control, Beijing, 100089, China

    Yong Luo

Authors
  1. Yu Wang
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  2. Guo Liu
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  3. Wei Jiang
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  4. Yelei Yao
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  5. Jianxun Wang
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Contributions

Y. W. wrote the main manuscript text and prepared all the figures. G. L. and Y. W. performed the experimental measurement. G. L., W. J., and Y. Y. Yao carried out the design and simulation analysis. J. X. Wang and Y. Luo participated in the overall design, analysis, and discussion. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guo Liu.

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All animals received care and are handled according to the guidelines in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The procedures were approved by the University of Arkansas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Wang, Y., Liu, G., Jiang, W. et al. Performance Degradation Caused by Ionization of the Released Gas Molecules in W-Band Gyrotron Traveling Wave Tube Based on a Simplified Ionization Model. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-024-00988-9

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