Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Room-Temperature Mid-, and Far-Infrared Absorption and Electrical Properties of Intercalated GaSe and TlInS2 Crystals

  • Published:
International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We report room-temperature measurements of the mid- and far-IR absorption throughout the 400 – 4000 cm−1 and 10 – 700 cm−1 spectral ranges and the resistivity of layered p-GaSe and p-TlInS2 intercalated with Li+. Intercalation was performed by immersing Bridgman grown crystals in 0.5 M solutions of LiCl in distilled water at ambient conditions. The crystal structure and the stoichiometry of the grown crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction and XRF methods. It is shown that intercalation does not change the frequency of the IR-, and Raman active low-frequency “rigid layer” mode (GaSe), the space symmetry group or the lattice parameters of the crystals. It was found that for both crystals, the resistivity versus time dependencies are nearly the same. Three ranges in the resistivity-intercalation time dependencies were explained qualitatively. The resistivity increase due to intercalation was explained by assuming that the intercalated lithium ions act as ionized donors and compensate the host p-type crystal. The highest degree of compensation for GaSe and TlInS2 crystals was achieved after intercalation during 12 and 10 days, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. [1] K. Maschke and F. Levy, in: S. Flügge (Ed.), Landolt-Börnstein in “Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, Group III: Crystal and Solid State Physics”, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983, p.683.

    Google Scholar 

  2. [2] N.C. Fernelius, “Properties of gallium selenide single crystals”, Progr. Cryst. Growth and Charact., 28, 275 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  3. [3] K. Allakhverdiev, J. Goldstein, N. Fernelius, D. Huseinova, E. Salaev, A. Turker, “Low-temperature midinfrared absorption spectra in GaSe”, Int. J. IR and Millim. Waves, 26, 457 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  4. [4] D. Müller, F.E. Poltman, and H. Hahn, “Zur struktur ternare chalkogenide des tallium mit Aluminium, Gallium und Indium”, Z. Naturforch. Teil B 29, 117 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  5. [5] S.G. Abdullaeva, S.S. Abdinbekov, G.G. Guseinov, “About the crystal structure of TlIIIMIIIXVI2 compounds”, Report of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerb. SSR, 36, 34 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  6. [6] M.P. Hanias, A.N. Anagnostopoulos, K. Kambas, J. Spyridelis, “Electrical and optical properties of as-grown TlInS2, TlGaSe2 and TlGaS2 single crystals”, Mat. Res. Bull. 27, 25 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. [7] K.R. Allakhverdiev, R.I. Guliev, E.Yu. Salaev, P.P. Pashinin, V.V. Smirnov, “Refraction indices for the crystals with layered structure”, Soviet J. Appl. Spectrosc., 37, 502 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  8. [8] K.R. Allakhverdiev, “Two-photon absorption in layered TlGaSe2, TlInS2, TlGaS2 and GaSe crystals” Solid State Commun., 111, 253 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. [9] W.S. Whittingham, “Chemistry of intercalation compounds: metal guests in chalcogenide hosts” Progr. Solid. State Chem., 12 41 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. [10] E. Bucher in: A. Aruchamy (Ed.), Photoelectrochemistry and Photovoltaics of Layered Semiconductors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992, p.81.

    Google Scholar 

  11. [11] V. K. Luk'yanyuk and Z.D. Kovalyuk, “Exciton spectra of intercalated indium and gallium selenide single crystals”, Sov. Phys. Solid. State, 29, 1631 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  12. [12] V.O. Rybailo, I.I. Grigorchak, and Z.D. Kovalyuk, “Polarization effects in intercalated gallium monoselenide”, Sov. Phys. Solid State, 29, 862 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  13. [13] C. Julien, E. Hatzikraniotis and M. Balkanski, “Electrical properties of lithium intercalated p-type GaSe”, Mat. Lett. 4, 401 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. [14] M.A. Osman, M.A. Elosely, A.A. Gadalla, “Investigation of localized levels in Na intercalated GaSe single crystals”, Physica B (Amsterdam), 252, 216 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. [15] N.L. Glinka, General Chemistry (in Russian), Integral Press, Moscow, 727. (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. [16] B.N. Mavrin, Kh.E. Sterin, N.M. Gasanly, Z.D. Khalafov, E.Yu. Salaev, K.R. Allakhverdiev, R.M. Sardarly, “Optical phonons in layer crystals of TlGaS2, β-TlInS2, and TlGaSe2”, Sov. Phys. Semicond., 19, 1734(1977).

    Google Scholar 

  17. [17] T. Arai, K. Matsuishi, S. Onari, K. Allakhverdiev, Z. Salaeva, N. Turetken, A. Koulibekov, “Effect of low temperature and high pressure on the optical properties of the ternary layered TlInxGa1−xS2 chalcogenides”, Ternary and Multinary Compounds in the 21st Century, Japanese Research Review, Ed. By T. Matsumoto, T. Takizawa, S. Shirakata, T. Wada, N. Yamamoto, IPAP Books 1, 24 (2001).

  18. [18] H. Yoshida, S. Nakashima, and A Matsuishi, “Phonon Raman spectra of layer compound GaSe”, Phys. Stat. Sol., (b) 59, 655 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  19. [19] K. Allakhevdreiev, N. Fernelius, F. Gashimzade, J. Goldstein, E. Salaev, Z. Salaeva, “Anisotropy of optical absorption in GaSe studied by midinfrared spectroscopy”, J.Appl. Phys. 93, 3336 (2003).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. [20] The Data Base: Hanawalt Search Manual, Inorganic Phases, Powder Diffraction Files, Sets 1 – 45, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Pensylvania 19073-3273, USA, Copyright JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data, 1995, p.1162.

  21. [21] I.C. Irwin, R.M. Bromley, B.P. Clayman and R.A. Bromley, “Splitting and coupling of lattice modes in the layer compounds GaSe, GaS and GaSexSe1−x”, Phys. Rev. B8, 2772 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  22. [22] E. Finkman and A. Rizzo, “Lattice vibrations and the crystal structure of GaS and GaSe”, Solid State Commun., 15, 1841 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. [23] S. Jandl and J.L. Brebner, “Lattice dynamics of GaSe”, Phys. Rev., B13, 686 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. [24] A. Polian, K. Kunc and A. Kuhn, “Low-frequency lattice vibrations of ε-GaSe compared to γ-, and δ-polytypes”, Solid State Commun., 19, 1079 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. [25] K.R. Allakhverdiev, “Optical Properties and Vibrational Spectra of the layered and Chained Crystals of A3B6, A3B3C26 Group and the Solid Solutions on their Basis”, Dissertation for the Degree of the Doctor of the Physical-Mathematical Sciences, (in Russian), Baku, Elm, 1980, 313.

  26. [26] Y. Fan, M. Bauer, L. Kador, K.R. Allakhverdiev, E.Yu. Salaev, “Photoluminescence frequency up-conversion in GaSe single crystals as studied by confocal microscopy”, J. Appl. Phys., 91, 1081 (2002).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. [27] K. Allakhverdiev, “Electrophysical and Optical Properties of CdIn2S4”, Referat of the Thesis for the Degree of the Candidate of the Physical-Mathematical Sciences, Baku, 1972, 14 (in Russian); K.R. Allakhverdiev, V.B. Antonov, R.Kh. Nani, and E.Yu Salaev, “Temperature dependencies of the Hall effect and the electrical conductivity of CdIn2S4 single crystals”, Sov. Phys. Semicond. 5, 2080 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  28. [28] D.O. Hummel, in: H.J. Maier (Ed.), Atlas der Polymer-und Kunstoffanalyse, Verlag, Bd.2, Teil a, Spektren.-2., völlig neu bearb., Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, 1984, 1035.

    Google Scholar 

  29. [29] A. Masui, S. Onari, K. Allakhverdiev, F. Gashimzade, and T. Mamedov, “Room-temperature photoluminescence in layered ε- GaSe, GaSe0.9S0.1, GaSe0.8S0.2 under pressure”, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 233, 139 (2001).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marmara Research Centre of TUBITAK, Materials Institute, P.K. 21, 41470, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey

    K. Allakhverdiev, S. Özbek & E. Gunay

  2. Azerbaijan National academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, H. Javid Avenue 33, 370143, Baku, Azerbaijan

    K. Allakhverdiev & D. Huseinova

  3. University of Bayreuth, Institute of Physics, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany

    S. Hanna

  4. University of Muğla, Physics Department, 4800, Muğla, Turkey

    A. Kulibekov (Gulubayov)

Authors
  1. K. Allakhverdiev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Hanna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Kulibekov (Gulubayov)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. Özbek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. Gunay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. Huseinova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Allakhverdiev.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Allakhverdiev, K., Hanna, S., Kulibekov (Gulubayov), A. et al. Room-Temperature Mid-, and Far-Infrared Absorption and Electrical Properties of Intercalated GaSe and TlInS2 Crystals. Int J Infrared Milli Waves 26, 1741–1755 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-005-0294-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-005-0294-3

Key words:

Search

Navigation