Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Second Time as Farce: Archaeological Reflections on the New New Deal

  • Published:
International Journal of Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many connections have been made between the Great Depression and the current crisis in neoliberal capitalism, and many solutions proposed by the Left hearken to FDR’s New Deal programs. While New Deal policies had real benefits, assuming that they were uniformly beneficial to all lower class individuals is shortsighted. This is clear from the vantage point of our research in the Finger Lakes National Forest. The New Deal’s Resettlement Administration purchased these farms when implementing land-planning policies to move farmers off “sub-marginal” land to save families “stranded on sub-marginal farms.” Our research demonstrates that governmental land-use programs saved some farms by sacrificing others. This case makes it clear that solving current crises need more than nostalgic yearning for a mythic past. Solutions must come from a thorough examination of the “real concrete” past, not simply the past as imagined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, W. (1925). The Utilization of Marginal and Sub-Marginal Hill Farm Land. Doctoral dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca.

  • Babbitt, K. R. (1995). Producers and Consumers: Women of the Countryside and Cooperative Extension Service Home Economists, New York State, 1870–1935. Doctoral dissertation, State University of New York, Binghamton.

  • Barbier, E. B. (2010). A Global Green New Deal, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Beach, N. (1874). Atlas of Schuyler County, Pomeroy, Whitman, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, B. (1968). The New Deal: conservative achievements of liberal reform. In Bernstein, B. (ed.), Towards a New Past: Dissenting Essays in American History, Pantheon, New York, pp. 263–288.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonstell, J. A., and Patton, B. J. (1943). Physical Land Conditions in Schuyler County, US Department of Agricultural Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conklin, D. W. (2011). The Preconditions of Farm Abandonment: Agricultural and Domestic Labor. Master’s thesis, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.

  • Darrah, L. B. (1942). An Economic Study of Land Utilization in Schuyler County, New York, Cornell University, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, A. B., and Reynolds, D. B. (2009). A New New Deal, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domhoff, G. W., and Webber, M. J. (2011). Class and Power in the New Deal, Stanford University Press, Stanford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, F. S. (n.d.). Growing Up in Western New York, 1881–1903. Unpublished manuscript on file with the Finger Lakes National Forest, Hector Ranger Station, Hector, New York.

  • Dupuis, E. M. (1996). In the name of nature: ecology, marginality, and rural land use planning during the New Deal. In DuPuis, E. M., and Vandergeest, P. (eds.), Creating the Countryside, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, pp. 99–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felice, W. F. (2010). The Global New Deal: Economic and Social Human Rights in World Politics, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, D. (2003). Every Farm a Factory: The Industrial Ideal in American Agriculture, Yale University Press, New Haven.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Foote, N., Anderson, W. A., and McKain, W. (1944). Families Displaced in a Federal Sub-Marginal Land Purchase Program, Cornell University, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (1996). Democratic planning in agricultural policy: the Federal-County Land-Use Planning Program, 1938–1942. Agricultural History 70: 233–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (2000). Eastern urban liberals and Midwestern agrarian intellectuals: two group portraits of Progressives in the New Deal Department of Agriculture. Agricultural History 74: 162–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (2001). Agrarian intellectuals in a modernizing state: a collective biography of USDA leaders in the intended New Deal. In Stock, C. M., and Johnston, R. D. (eds.), The Countryside in the Age of the Modern State: Political Histories of Rural America, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, pp. 213–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (2003). Low modernism and the agrarian New Deal. In Adams, J. (ed.), Fighting for the Farm: Rural America Transformed, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, pp. 129–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (2008). Rural sociology and democratic planning in the third New Deal. Agricultural History 95: 421–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J. (2009). Democratizing states and the use of history. Rural Sociology 74: 3–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, J., and Howe, C. (1991). Beyond “state vs. society”: theories of the state and New Deal agricultural policies. American Sociological Review 56: 204–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grunwald, M. (2012). The New New Deal: The Hidden Story of Change in the Obama Era, Simon and Schuster, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubbel, J. (1898–1923). Diaries. Copies on file, Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.

  • Jacobs, H. (1989). Debates in rural land planning policy: a twentieth century history from New York State. Journal of Rural Studies 5: 137–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, M. J. (1997). A Study of Schuyler County, the Town of Hector, and the Village of Reynoldsville: 1930–1940. State University of New York, College at Cortland.

  • Kirkendall, R. S. (1966). Social Scientists and Farm Policies in the Age of Roosevelt, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, A. (2006). A Commonwealth of Hope: The New Deal Response to Crisis, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, K. (1963). The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, International Publishers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak, G. (1936). The function of the New Deal. New International 3(2): 44–47. George Novak Internet Archive. http://www.marxists.org/archive/novack/1936/04/soule.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radosh, R. (1972). The myth of the New Deal. In Radosh, R., and Rothbard, M. N. (eds.), Leviathan: Essays on the Rise of the American Corporate State, E.P. Dutton Co., New York, pp. 146–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, W. D. (1989). Taking the University to the People, Iowa State University Press, Ames.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, L. P. (1930). Land Utilization Studies. Unpublished manuscript. Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York.

  • Ridarsky, C. (2003). “Keep up Good Courage”: Submarginal Hill Farming in Upstate New York, 1850–1880. Master’s thesis, SUNY College at Brockport, Brockport, New York.

  • Saloutos, T. (1982). The American Farmer and the New Deal, Iowa State University Press, Ames.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuyler County Land Planning Committee (1941). Report. On file at the Hector Ranger Station, Hector, New York.

  • Schwenninger, S. R. (2008). Democratizing capital. The Nation April 7.

  • Senate Subcommittee on Economic Policy (2009). Lessons from the New Deal, Congressional Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Economic Policy. Senate Hearing 111–140. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

  • Smith, R. G. (1949). The People’s Colleges: A History of the New York State Extension Service in Cornell University and the State, 1876–1848, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Nation (2008). Toward a *New* New Deal. The Nation, April 7.

  • Trotsky, L. (1939). Marxism in our rime. http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1939/04/marxism.htm.

  • Tugwell, R. G. (1959). The resettlement idea. Agricultural History 33: 159–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, L. M. (1929). Abandoned Farm Areas in Southern New York. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca.

  • Wickham, C. E. (1884–1910). Diaries. Copies on file, Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.

  • Wilson, E. B. (1936). A Preliminary Study of Land Utilization in Schuyler County, New York, 1934. Master’s thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca.

  • Wurst, L. (2007). Fixing farms: pondering farm scenes from the vanity press. Historical Archaeology 41(1): 69–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinn, H. (1990). The Politics of History, 2nd ed, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to LouAnn Wurst.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wurst, L., Ridarsky, C.L. The Second Time as Farce: Archaeological Reflections on the New New Deal. Int J Histor Archaeol 18, 224–241 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-014-0254-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-014-0254-5

Keywords

Navigation