Skip to main content
Log in

A Feminist Framework for Analyzing Powered Cultural Landscapes in Historical Archaeology

  • Published:
International Journal of Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agnew, A. B. (1995). Women and property in early 19th century Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Historical Archaeology 29(1): 62–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barile, K. S. (2004). Hegemony within the household: The perspective from a South Carolina plantation. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 121–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Battle, W. (2004). A space of our own: Redefining the enslaved household at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage Plantation. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 33–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baugher, S. B. (2001). Visible charity: The archaeology, material culture, and landscape design of New York City’s Municipal Almshouse complex, 1736–1797. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5: 175–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baugher, S. B., and Spencer-Wood, S. M. (eds.) (2010). The Archaeology and Preservation of Gendered Landscapes, Springer, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baugher, S. (2010). Landscapes of Power: Middle Class and Lower Class Power Dynamics in a New York Charitable Institution. International Journal of Historical Archaeology. doi:10.1007/s10761-010-0120-z

  • Beaudry, M. C., and Mrozowski, S. A. (2001). Cultural space and worker identity in the company city: Nineteenth-century Lowell, Massachusetts. In Mayne, A., and Murray, T. (eds.), The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 118–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaudry, M. C., Cook, L. J., and Mrozowski, S. A. (1991). Artifacts and active voices: material culture as social discourse. In McGuire, R. H., and Paynter, R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Inequality, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 150–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benton, M. (1981). “Objective” interests and the sociology of power. Sociology 15: 161–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhabha, H. (1997). Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourses. In Stoler, A. L., and Cooper, F. (eds.), Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 152–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. (1983). Working at Archaeology, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Nice, R. (trans.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

  • Braudel, F. (1972). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Phillip II. Reynolds, S. (trans.), Harper and Row, New York.

  • Casella, E. C. (2001). To watch or restrain: Female convict prisons in nineteenth-century Tasmania. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5(1): 45–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casella, E. C. (2007). The Archaeology of Institutional Confinement, University Press of Florida, Gainsville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casella, E. C., and Fowler, C. (2005). Beyond identification: An introduction. In Casella, E. C., and Fowler, C. (eds.), The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp. 1–8.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Clisby, H. (n.d.). History of the WEIU. Women’s Educational and Industrial Union records, 1877-. Schlesinger Library of the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge.

  • Cowgill, G. L. (2000). “Rationality” and contexts in agency theory. In Dobres, M., and Robb, J. E. (eds.), Agency in Archaeology, Routledge, London, pp. 51–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crumley, C. L. (1987). A dialectical critique of hierarchy. In Patterson, T. C., and Gailey, C. W. (eds.), Power Relations and State Formation, American Anthropological Association, Washington D.C., pp. 155–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawdy, S. L. (2006). Proper caresses and prudent distance: A how-to manual from colonial Louisiana. In Stoler, A. L. (ed.), Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History, Duke University Press, Durham, pp. 140–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cunzo, L. A. (1995). Reform, respite, ritual: An archaeology of institutions—The Magdalen Society of Philadelphia, 1800–1850. Historical Archaeology 29(3): 1–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cunzo, L. A. (2001). On reforming the “fallen” and beyond: Transforming continuity at the Magdalen Society of Philadelphia, 1845–1916. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5: 19–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Cunzo, L. A. (2004). A Historical Archaeology of Delaware: People, Contexts and the Cultures of Agriculture, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cunzo, L. A. (2006). Exploring the institution: Reform, cofinement, social change. In Hall, M., and Silliman, S. W. (eds.), Historical Archaeology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 190–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, J. F. (1988). Material culture and worldview in colonial Anglo-America. In Leone, M. P., and Potter Jr., P. B. (eds.), The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., pp. 219–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, J. F. (1996). In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life, Anchor Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delle, J. A. (1999a). “A good and easy speculation”: Spatial conflict, collusion, and resistance in late sixteenth-century Munster, Ireland. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 3: 11–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delle, J. A. (1999b). The landscapes of class negotiation on coffee plantations in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, 1790–1850. Historical Archaeology 33(1): 136–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Febvre, L. (2000). A Geographical Introduction to History, Columbia University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fesler, G. R. (2004). Living arrangements among enslaved women and men at an early-eighteenth-century Virginia quartering site. In Galle, J. E., and Young, A. L. (eds.), Engendering African American Archaeology: A Southern Perspective, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 177–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality. Volume I: Introduction. Hurley, R. (trans.) Pantheon, New York.

  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977. Gordon, C. (ed.). Pantheon, New York.

  • Foucault, M. (1988). The ethic of care for the self as a practice of freedom: An interview. Gauthier, J. D. (trans.) In Bernauer, J., and Rasmussen, D. (eds.), The Final Foucault, MIT Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–21.

  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Sheridan, A. (trans.) Vintage, New York.

  • Frazer, B. (1999). Reconceptualizing resistance in the historical archaeology of the British Isles: An editorial. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 3: 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funari, P. P. A. (2003). Conflict and the interpretation of Palmares, a Brazilian runaway polity. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 81–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geier, C. R. (2003). Confederate fortification and troop deployment in a mountain landscape: Fort Edward Johnson and Camp Sheannandoah, April 1862. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. (2000). Archaeology and the Modern World: Colonial transcripts in South Africa and the Chesapeake, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardesty, D. L. (1994). Class, gender strategies, and material culture in the mining West. In Scott, E. M. (ed.), Those of Little Note: Gender, Race, and Class in Historical Archaeology, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 129–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardesty, D. L. (1998). Power and the industrial mining community in the American West. In Knapp, A. B., Pigott, V. C., and Herbert, E. W. (eds.), Social Approaches to an Industrial Past: The Anthropology and Archaeology of Mining, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heberling, P. M. (1987). Status indicators: Another strategy for interpretation of settlement pattern in a nineteenth-century industrial village. In Spencer-Wood, S. M. (ed.), Consumer Choice in Historical Archaeology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 199–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henretta, J. A. (1991). The Origins of American Capitalism: Collected Essays, Northeastern University Press, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodder, I., and Hutson, S. (2003). Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooks, B. (1984). Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center, South End Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huataniemi, S. I., and Rotman, D. L. (2004). To the hogs or to the house? Municipal water and gender relations at the Moors Site in Deerfield, Massachusetts. In Rotman, D. L., and Savulis, E. (eds.), Shared Spaces and Divided Places: Material Dimensions of Gender Relations and the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 135–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. (2005). Changing identities in the Arabian Gulf: Archaeology, religion and ethnicity in context. In Casella, E. C., and Fowler, C. (eds.), The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp. 191–210.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, R. W. (2005). Caste in Cuenca: Colonial identity in the seventeenth century Andes. In Casella, E. C., and Fowler, C. (eds.), The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp. 211–232.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kehoe, A. B. (1999). A resort to subtler contrivances. In Sweely, T. L. (ed.), Manifesting Power: Gender and the Interpretation of Power in Archaeology, Routledge, London, pp. 30–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelso, G. K. (1996). Pollen analysis in urban historical landscape research. In De Cunzo, L. A., and Herman, B. L. (eds.), Historical Archaeology and the Study of American Culture, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 259–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolodny, A. (1975). The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovacik, J. J. (2002). Radical agency, households, and communities: Networks of power. In O’Donovan, M. (ed.), The Dynamics of Power, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwolek-Folland, A. (2002). Incorporating Women: A History of Women and Business in the United States, Palgrave, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, C. (2006). The penny pinch. In Dubeck, P. J., and Dunn, D. (eds.), Workplace/Women’s Place: An Anthology, Roxbury, Los Angeles, pp. 77–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, G. (1999). The archaeology of the workhouse: The changing uses of the workhouse buildings at St Mary’s, Southampton. In Tarlow, S., and West, S. (eds.), The Familiar Past: Archaeologies of Later Historical Britain, Routledge, London, pp. 125–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquardt, W. H., and Crumley, C. L. (1987). Theoretical issues in the analysis of spatial patterning. In Crumley, C. L., and Marquardt, W. H. (eds.), Regional Dynamics: Burgundian Landscapes in Historical Perspective, Academic, San Diego, pp. 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, J. D., Zimmerman, L. J., McDonald, A. L., Tall Bull, W., and Rising Sun, T. (1991). The Northern Cheyenne Outbreak of 1879: Using oral history and archaeology as tools of resistance. In McGuire, R. H., and Paynter, R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Inequality, Blackwell, London, pp. 64–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee, L. (1996). The archaeology of Rachel’s garden. In Yamin, R., and Metheny, K. B. (eds.), Landscape Archaeology: Reading and Interpreting the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 70–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meskell, L. (1996). The somatization of archaeology: Institutions, discourses, corporeality. Norwegian Archaeological Review 29: 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meskell, L. (2001). Archaeologies of identity. In Hodder, I. (ed.), Archaeological Theory Today, Polity Press, Oxford, pp. 187–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metheny, K. B., Kratzer, J., Yentsch, A. E., and Goodwin, C. M. (1996). Method in landscape archaeology: Research strategies in a historic New Jersey garden. In Yamin, R., and Metheny, K. B. (eds.), Landscape Archaeology: Reading and Interpreting the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 6-32.

  • Miller, D., and Tilley, C. (eds.) (1984). Ideology, Power, and Prehistory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty, C. T. (1991). Introduction—cartographies of struggle: Third World women and the politics of feminism. In Russo, A., Lordes, T., and Mohanty, C. T. (eds.), Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, W. (ed.) (1969). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, American Heritage, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrozowski, S. A. (2006). Environments of history: Biological dimensions of historical archaeology. In Hall, M., and Silliman, S. W. (eds.), Historical Archaeology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 23–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrozowski, S. A., and Beaudry, M. C. (1990). Archaeology and the landscape of corporate ideology. In Kelso, W. M., and Most, R. (eds.), Earth Patterns: Essays in Landscape Archaeology, University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, pp. 189–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullins, P. R. (1999). Race and Affluence: An Archaeology of African America and Consumer Culture, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassaney, M. S., Rotman, D. L., Sayers, D. O., and Nickolai, C. A. (2001). The Southwest Michigan Historic Landscape Project: Exploring class, gender, and ethnicity from the ground up. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5: 219–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donovan, M. (2002). Grasping power: A question of relations and scales. In O’Donovan, M. (ed.), The Dynamics of Power, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, pp. 19–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orser Jr., C. E. (1987). Plantation status and consumer choice: A materialist framework for historical archaeology. In Spencer-Wood, S. M. (ed.), Consumer Choice in Historical Archaeology, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 121–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orser Jr., C. E. (1988). Toward a theory of power for historical archaeology: Plantations and space. In Leone, M. P., and Potter Jr., P. B. (eds.), The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., pp. 313–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orser Jr., C. E. (1996). A Historical Archaeology of the Modern World, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palus, M. M., Leone, M. P., and Cochran, M. D. (2006). Critical archaeology: Politics past and present. In Hall, M., and Silliman, S. W. (eds.), Historical Archaeology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 84–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappas, E. I. (2004). Fictive kin in the mountains: The paternalistic metaphor and households in a California logging camp. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 159–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauls, E. P. (2006). The place of space: Architecture, landscape and social life. In Hall, M., and Silliman, S. W. (eds.), Historical Archaeology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 65–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paynter, R. (1982). Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archeology, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paynter, R., and McGuire, R. H. (1991). The archaeology of inequality: Material culture, domination, and resistance. In McGuire, R. H., and Paynter, R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Inequality, Blackwell, London, pp. 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piddock, S. (2001). “An irregular and inconvenient pile of buildings”: The destitute asylum of Adelaide, South Australia and the English workhouse. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5: 73–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pluciennik, M., Mientjes, A., and Giannitrapant, E. (2004). Archaeologies of aspiration: historical archaeology in rural central Sicily. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 8: 27–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinow, R. (1984). The Foucault Reader, Pantheon, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotman, D. L. (2003). Introduction: Exploring shared spaces and divided places on the American historical landscape. In Rotman, D. L., and Savulis, E. (eds.), Shared Spaces and Divided Places: Material Dimensions of Gender Relations and the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotman, D. L., and Nassaney, M. S. (1997). Class, gender and the built environment: Deriving social relations from cultural landscapes in southwest Michigan. Historical Archaeology 31(2): 42–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, G. (1984). Thinking sex: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality. In Vance, C. S. (ed.), Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality, Routledge and Kegan Paul, Boston, pp. 267–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, L. (2005). Either, or, neither, nor”: Resisting the production of gender, race and class dichotomies in the pre-colonial period. In Casella, E. C., and Fowler, C. (eds.), The Archaeology of Plural and Changing Identities, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp. 33–55.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Said, E. W. (1989). Foucault and the imagination of power. In Hoy, D. C. (ed.), Foucault: A Critical Reader, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 149–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayers, D. O., and Nassaney, M. S. (1999). Antebellum landscapes and agrarian political economies: Modeling progressive farmsteads in southwest Michigan. The Michigan Archaeologist 45(3): 74–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, E. M. (1991). Fort Michilimackinaw. Historical Archaeology 24(1): 42–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, E. M. (1994). Those of Little Note: Gender, Race, and Class in Historical Archaeology, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, D. D. (2003). Oral tradition and archaeology: Conflict and concordance examples from two Indian war sites. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, E. M. (2004). Introduction: Gender research in African American archaeology. In Galle, J. E., and Young, A. L. (eds.), Engendering African American Archaeology, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifert, D. (1991). Introduction. Historical Archaeology 24(1): 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shackel, P. A. (ed.) (2003). Remembering landscapes of conflict. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 1–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shanks, M., and Tilley, C. (1992). Re-constructing Archaeology: Theory and Practice, Routledge, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silliman, S. W. (2006). Struggling with labor, working with identities. In Hall, M., and Silliman, S. W. (eds.), Historical Archaeology, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 147–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, T. A. (1988). An archaeological framework for slavery and emancipation, 1740–1880. In Leone, M. P., and Potter Jr., P. B. (eds.), The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C., pp. 345–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1978). Part IV. Overview of Regional Cultural Development. C. Historic. In Casjens, L. (ed.), A Cultural Resource Overview of the Green Mountain National Forest, Vermont, Institute for Conservation Archaeology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, pp. 53–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1980). Section II. Documentary Research. In Final Report/Data Recovery Operations at the Shaw (Moose Hill Reservoir) Site, Upper Quaboag Watershed, Massachusetts, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 9–79.

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1981). The Shaw gristmill and house sites, Leicester, Massachusetts. Archaeological Quarterly 4: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1987). A survey of domestic reform movement sites in Boston and Cambridge, c. 1865–1905. Historical Archaeology 21(2): 7–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1991a). Towards an historical archaeology of materialistic domestic reform. In McGuire, R. M., and Paynter, R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Inequality, Blackwell Oxford, pp. 231–286.

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1991b). Towards a feminist historical archaeology of the construction of gender. In Walde, D., and Willows, N. D. (eds.), The Archaeology of Gender: Proceedings of the 22nd Chacmool Conference, University of Calgary Archaeological Association, Calgary, pp. 234–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1992). A feminist program for non-sexist archaeology. In Wandsnider, L. (ed.), Quandaries and Quests: Visions of Archaeology’s Future, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, pp. 98–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1993). Review of The Recovery of Meaning: Historical Archaeology in the Eastern United States, by Mark P. Leone and Parker B. Potter. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 3(1): 27–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1994a). Turn of the century women’s organizations, urban design, and the origin of the American playground movement. Landscape Journal 13: 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1994b). Diversity in 19th-century domestic reform: Relationships among classes and ethnic groups. In Scott, E. M. (ed.), Those of Little Note: Gender, Race and Class in Historical Archaeology, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 175–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1995). Toward the further development of feminist historical archaeology. World Archaeological Bulletin 7: 118–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1996). Feminist historical archaeology and the transformation of American culture by domestic reform movements, 1840–1925. In De Cunzo, L. A., and Herman, B. L. (eds.), Historical Archaeology and the Study of American Culture, Winterthur Museum and University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 397–446.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1997). Feminist Inclusive Theory: Crossing Boundaries in Theory and Practice. Paper delivered at the Fourth Australian Women in Archaeology Conference, Cairns, Australia.

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1999a). Gendering power. In Sweely, T. L. (ed.), Manifesting Power: Gender and the Interpretation of Power in Archaeology, Routledge, London, pp. 175–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (1999b). The formation of ethnic-American identities: Jewish communities in Boston. In Funari, P. P. A., Hall, M., and Jones, S. (eds.), Historical Archaeology: Back from the Edge, Routledge, London, pp. 284–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2000). Strange attractors: Feminist theory, non-linear systems theory, and their implications for archaeological theory. In Schiffer, M. B. (ed.), Social Theory in Archaeology, University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, pp. 112–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2001a). Phase I Non-Destructive Archaeological Survey of the Souther Tide Mill Site, Quincy, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Historical Commission, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2001b). Views and commentaries: What difference does feminist theory make? International Journal of Historical Archaeology 5: 97–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2002a). Utopian visions and architectural designs of turn-of-the-century social settlements. In Bingaman, A., Shapiro, L., and Zorach, R. (eds.), Embodied Utopias: Gender, Social Change and the Modern Metropolis. Routledge, London, pp. 116–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2002b). Feminist theory. In Orser Jr., C. E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historical Archaeology, Routledge, London, pp. 205–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2002c). The historical archaeology of 19th-century American cultural landscapes: A review. Landscape Journal 21: 173–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2003). Gendering the creation of green urban landscapes at the turn of the century. In Rotman, D. L., and Savulis, E. (eds.), Shared Spaces and Divided Places: Material Dimensions of Gender Relations and the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 24–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2004a). A historic pay-for-housework community household: The Cambridge Cooperative Housekeeping Society. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 138–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2004b). What difference does feminist theory make in researching households? A commentary. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 235–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2005). Feminist boundary crossings: Challenging androcentric assumptions and stereotypes about hideworking. In Frink, L., and Weedman, K. (eds.), Gender and Hide Production, Altamira, Walnut Creek, CA, pp. 197–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2006). A feminist theoretical approach to the historical archaeology of utopian communities. Historical Archaeology 40(1): 152–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2007). Feminist theory and gender research in historical archaeology. In Nelson, S. M. (ed.), Women in Antiquity: Theoretical Approaches to Gender and Archaeology, Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, CA, pp. 29–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer-Wood, S. M. (2009). A feminist approach to European ideologies of poverty and the institutionalization of the poor in Falmouth, Massachusetts. In Beisaw, A., and Gibb, J. (eds.), The Historical Archaeology of Institutional Life, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 117–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starbuck, D. R. (2003). Neither Plain Nor Simple: New Perspectives on the Canterbury Shakers, University Press of New England, Lebanon, New Hampshire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart-Abernathy, L. C. (2004). Separate kitchens and intimate archaeology: Constructing urban slavery on the antebellum cotton frontier in Washington, Arkansas. In Barile, K. S., and Brandon, J. C. (eds.), Household Chores and Household Choices: Theorizing the Domestic Sphere in Historical Archaeology, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 51–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoler, A. L. (ed.) (2006). Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History, Duke University Press, Durham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweely, T. L. (1999). Introduction. In Sweely, T. L. (ed.), Manifesting Power: Gender and the Interpretation of Power in Archaeology, Routledge, London, pp. 1–14.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Symonds, J. (1999). Toiling in the vale of tears: Everyday life and resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides 1760-1860. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 3: 101–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voss, B. L. (2008). The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco, University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, B. L., and Schmidt, R. A. (2000). Archaeologies of sexuality: An introduction. In Schmidt, R. A., and Voss, B. L. (eds.), Archaeologies of Sexuality, Routledge, London, pp. 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall, D. diZ. (1994). The Archaeology of Gender: Separating the Spheres in Urban America, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Parsons, T. (trans.). Free Press, New York.

  • Wolf, E. (1990). Distinguished lecture: Facing power—old insights, new questions. American Anthropologist 92: 586–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, A. (1992). Feminist theories of social power: Some implications for a processual archaeology. Norwegian Archaeological Review 25(1): 51–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yentsch, A. E. (1991). The symbolic divisions of pottery: Sex-related attributes of English and Anglo-American household pots. In McGuire, R. M., and Paynter, R. (eds.), The Archaeology of Inequality, Blackwell, Cambridge, pp. 192–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yentsch, A. E. (1994). A Chesapeake Family and Their Slaves: A Study in Historical Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yentsch, A. E. (1996). Introduction: Close attention to place, landscape studies by historical archaeologists. In Yamin, R., and Metheny, K. B. (eds.), Landscape Archaeology: Reading and Interpreting the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. xxiii–xlii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (2003). Gender and landscape: A view from the plantation slave community. In Rotman, D. L., and Savulis, E. (eds.), Shared Spaces and Divided Places: Material Dimensions of Gender Relations and the American Historical Landscape, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, pp. 104–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zierden, M. A. (1996). The urban landscape, the work yard, and archaeological site formation processes in Charleston, South Carolina. In De Cunzo, L. A., and Herman, B. L. (eds.), Historical Archaeology and the Study of American Culture, The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, pp. 285–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zierden, M. A. (2010). Landscape and Social Relations at Charleston Townhouse Sites (1770–1850). International Journal of Historical Archaeology. doi:10.1007/s10761-010-0124-8

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Spencer-Wood, S.M. A Feminist Framework for Analyzing Powered Cultural Landscapes in Historical Archaeology. Int J Histor Archaeol 14, 498–526 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-010-0122-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10761-010-0122-x

Keywords

Navigation