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Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Kidney Injury, Improves Physical Performance, and Increases Antioxidant Defenses in Lungs of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice

Inflammation (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

The association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and pulmonary pathophysiological changes is well stablished. Nevertheless, the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on lungs of CKD need further clarification. Thus, Swiss mice were divided in control, AE, CKD, and CKD + AE groups. CKD was induced by 0.2% adenine intake during 8 weeks (4 weeks of CKD induction and 4 weeks of AE). AE consisted in running on treadmill, at moderate intensity, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, during 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training day, functional capacity test was performed, and 48 h after the test, mice were euthanized. CKD mice showed a significant increase in urine output, serum urea, and creatinine concentrations, and decreased body weight and urine density, besides oxidative damage (p = 0.044), edema area (p < 0.001), leukocyte infiltration (p = 0.040), and collagen area in lung tissue (p = 0.004). AE resulted in an increase of distance traveled (p = 0.049) and maximum speed (p = 0.046), increased activity of catalase (p = 0.031) and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.048) in lungs, increased levels of nitric oxide (NOx) in serum (p = 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p = 0.047), and decreased kidney histological injury (p = 0.018) of CKD mice. However, AE also increased oxidative damage (p = 0.003) and did not change collagen content or perivascular edema in lungs (p > 0.05) of CKD mice. Therefore, AE attenuated kidney injury and improved antioxidants defenses in lungs. Despite no significant changes in pulmonary damage, AE significantly improved physical performance in CKD mice.

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AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL

The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online Supplementary Information.

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Funding

This research was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Grant 88882.447369/2019–01) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC, Grant PAP-2019TR715). JAF laboratory is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant 306082/2014–4) and CAPES (Grant 1966/2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Physical Therapy Graduate Program (PPG-Ft), Health and Sport Sciences Center (CEFID), Experimental Research Laboratory (LaPEx), R. Pascoal Simone, 358, Coqueiros, Florianópolis, ZIP Code: 88080-350, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Débora Melissa Petry Moecke, Thaine Cristina Garlet, Monique da Silva Gevaerd & Deborah de Camargo Hizume Kunzler

  2. Laboratory of Cellular Defense (LABDEF), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Gisele Henrique Cardoso Martins, Monique Bion, Barbara dos Santos & Alcir Luiz Dafre

  3. Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation (LANDI), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Kelly Cattelan Bonorino & Adair Roberto Soares dos Santos

  4. Center for Agricultural Sciences (CAV), Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Marilia Gabriela Luciani

  5. Nitric Oxide Pharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Jamil Assreuy Filho

  6. Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (HU/UFSC), Pathological Anatomy Service, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Daniella Serafin Couto Vieira

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D. M. P. M., G. H. C. M., K. C. B., and D. C. H. K.: study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and manuscript writing. T. C. G., M. G. L., M. B., B. S.: data collection and analysis. M. S. G. and D. S. C. V.: data analysis. J. A. F., A. R. S. S., L. D., and D. C. H. K.: technical support and supervision of the project. All authors have approved the final version of the article and agree to provide all clarifications to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the research.

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Correspondence to Deborah de Camargo Hizume Kunzler.

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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animals Use (CEUA) at Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Protocol number 2306201018) and Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Protocol number 9256210519).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Moecke, D.M.P., Martins, G.H.C., Garlet, T.C. et al. Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Kidney Injury, Improves Physical Performance, and Increases Antioxidant Defenses in Lungs of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice. Inflammation (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-022-01643-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-022-01643-y

KEY WORDS

  • renal failure
  • physical exercise
  • lung inflammation
  • oxidative damage
  • antioxidant enzymes