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Negative Regulators of Inflammation Response to the Dynamic Expression of Cytokines in DF-1 and MDCK Cells Infected by Avian Influenza Viruses

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Abstract

The H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) seriously endanger the poultry industry and threaten human health. Characteristic inflammatory responses caused by H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs in birds and mammals result in unique clinical manifestations. The role of anti-inflammatory regulators, PTX3, Del-1, and GDF-15, in H5N1 and H9N2-AIV-mediated inflammation in birds and mammals has not yet been verified. Here, the expression of PTX3, Del-1, and GDF-15 in DF-1 and MDCK cells infected with H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs and their effect on inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Infection with both AIVs increased PTX3, Del-1, and GDF-15 expression in DF-1 and MDCK cells. Infection with H9N2 or H5N1 AIV in DF-1 and MDCK cells with overexpression of all three factors, either alone or in combination, inhibited the expression of tested inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, co-expression of PTX3, Del-1, and GDF-15 enhanced the inhibition, irrespective of the cell line. The findings from this study offer insight into the pathogenic differences between H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs in varied hosts. Moreover, our findings can be used to help screen for host-specific anti-inflammatory agents.

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All data and materials included in this study are available on request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all the members in our team for the excellent work.

Funding

This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2019B020218004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Bingqian Zhao, Huizi Li, Suilan Cao, Wenxia Zhong, Baojian Li, Weixin Jia & Zhangyong Ning

  2. Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China

    Zhangyong Ning

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Contributions

BZ,WJ, and ZN designed the experiment; BZ, HL, SC, WZ, and BL did the experiment; BZ and HL and SC analyzed the data; BZ, WJ, and ZN wrote and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zhangyong Ning.

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Zhao, B., Li, H., Cao, S. et al. Negative Regulators of Inflammation Response to the Dynamic Expression of Cytokines in DF-1 and MDCK Cells Infected by Avian Influenza Viruses. Inflammation 45, 573–589 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-021-01568-y

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