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The Influence of a Xanthine-Catechin Chemical Matrix on in vitro Macrophage-Activation Triggered by Antipsychotic Ziprasidone

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A Correction to this article was published on 15 February 2019

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Abstract

Ziprasidone (ZIP) is an effective antipsychotic with low side effects than other second-generation antipsychotics. Despite this, there are reports of adverse events and previous studies associating the use of ZIP the inflammatory response. It is possible to infer that bioactive molecules present in some foods could attenuate peripheral inflammatory and oxidative stress potentially triggered ZIP. This is the case of guaraná xanthine-catechin chemical matrix (XC-Mix) that presents caffeine, theobromine, and catechin. The in vitro protocols using murine RAW 264.7 cell macrophages were ZIP-exposure in culture medium supplemented with chemical isolated and admixture of Caf, The, and Cat. Main results showed that supplementation with isolated and XC-mix had a lowering effect on 72 h macrophages proliferation. XC-mix with 1:1:1 proportion at 25 μg/mL of each caffeine, theobromine, and catechin, molecules present lowering effect on nitric oxide levels, oxidative stress markers (DNA oxidation quantified by 8-hydroxy-2′ –deoxyguanosine), lipoperoxidation, and protein carbonylation. XC-mix also decreased protein levels and downregulated genes of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). At contrary, XC-Mix increased levels and upregulated gene of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. The results suggest that XC-matrix could present some beneficial action on peripheral proinflammatory effects ZIP-triggered. Complementary in vivo studies could be useful to confirm these in vitro findings described here.

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  • 15 February 2019

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Acknowledgments

PROEX/CAPES number 23038.005848/2018-31 for reading spectrophotometer (SpectraMax® i3x Multi-Mode Microplate Reader).

Availability of Data and Materials

All data generated or analyzed during the current study are included in this article.

Funding

This work was supported by the CNPq [Nos. 402325/2013-3; 490760/2013-9; 311446/2012-4] and CAPES for grants and fellowships. “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)” and “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)” for Brazilian financial support.

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Author notes

  1. Thiago Duarte and Fernanda Barbisan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Thiago Duarte, Ivo Emilio da Cruz Jung & Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz

  2. Postgraduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Fernanda Barbisan, Verônica Farina Azzolin & Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz

  3. Biogenomic Laboratory, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Building 19, Chamber 3102, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Fernanda Barbisan, Beatriz Sadigurski Nunes da Cunha & Bárbara Osmarin Turra

  4. Center of Health Sciences, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte

  5. Foundation Open University of the Third Age, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Euler Esteves Ribeiro

  6. Brain Institute, Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Pedro Antônio do Prado-Lima

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Contributions

TD and FB designed the research and analyzed and interpreted the data; TD, FB, BSNC, VFA, BOT, and IBMC interpreted the data and wrote the paper; TD, FB, MMMFD, IECJ, and IBM analyzed and interpreted the data; EER and PASPL performed the research and analyzed the data; TD, FB, BSNC, VFA, BOT, and IBMC directed, designed, analyzed, and interpreted the data. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fernanda Barbisan.

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It is an in vitro work with the use of cell lines, there is no need for approval by the Ethics Committee.

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Duarte, T., Barbisan, F., da Cunha, B.S.N. et al. The Influence of a Xanthine-Catechin Chemical Matrix on in vitro Macrophage-Activation Triggered by Antipsychotic Ziprasidone. Inflammation 42, 915–925 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-018-0946-9

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