Abstract
Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) at room and low temperature has been used to study thin SiO2 films implanted with Sn atoms and annealed at 900°C. This work focuses on the determination of the Debye temperature (θ D) and Debye–Waller factors (f) of the Sn oxidized phases formed in this system. The Sn2+ oxidation state is the predominant one, even if a small percentage of the Sn atoms is in the Sn4+ oxidation state. The real Sn-oxides fractions are calculated by normalizing the resonant areas to the f values, as calculated from the temperature dependence of the related resonant areas within a Debye model. The Sn4+ oxidation state, possibly related to Sn atoms close to the SiO2 surface, represents less than 20% of the Sn atoms. For the Sn2+ oxidation state, two different electronics configurations a and b, having different Debye temperature and hyperfine parameters are identified. The component a, with a lower θ D (137 K), is the predominant one and might be related to small (2–3 nm) amorphous SnO x clusters in the SiO2 matrix. The component b could be related to substitutional Sn atoms in the SiO2 network forming a local Sn environment similar to the SnO amorphous compound.
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Mantovan, R., Spiga, S. & Fanciulli, M. Low temperature CEMS of Sn-implanted SiO2 . Hyperfine Interact 165, 69–73 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-006-9249-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-006-9249-x