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Mine reclamation does not restore leaf processing in low-order streams

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Abstract

In the United States, mine reclamation has been regulated under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) since 1977; however, there is a lack of research examining the efficacy of this legislation on restoring ecological structure and function in affected headwater streams. We compared water chemistry characteristics, rate of senescent white oak leaf litter processing, and invertebrate community composition of three first- and second-order streams draining surface mines reclaimed in accordance with SMCRA to that of streams draining three pre-SMCRA abandoned surface mines and three unmined reference watersheds within the Western Allegheny Plateau ecoregion of Ohio. Streams draining reclaimed and abandoned mines had lower pH, higher conductivity, and leaf processing rates that averaged 7 and 24 times lower, respectively, than reference streams. The invertebrate community composition of reclaimed streams differed in several respects from abandoned mine and reference streams, including a shift in proportional dominance from leaf shredding taxa to grazing and scraping taxa, such as gastropods. Although SMCRA has successfully mitigated some sources of water quality impairment, our results suggest that mine drainage remains a persistent barrier to the restoration of headwater stream ecology in mined landscapes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mr. Eric Reip, the Demuth, Dugan, and Lab Families, Jason and Shanda Mushrush, the Camp Tuscazoar Foundation, The Wilderness Center, and the Tuscarawas County Commissioners for allowing us access to their properties. We also thank Jody Brady and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions, which greatly improved this manuscript.

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Brady, J.K., Mushrush, J.A. Mine reclamation does not restore leaf processing in low-order streams. Hydrobiologia 850, 1189–1205 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05154-1

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