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Multifaceted assessment of stream fish alpha and beta diversity using spatial models

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Abstract

Our understanding of the factors determining stream community assembly has mainly been built upon taxonomic diversity. Additionally, most investigations of factors governing assembly are limited in scope and use of spatial model testing. Therefore, we combine a sizeable environmental dataset (local and landscape level) with robust spatial analysis to model the factors determining multiple facets of stream fish diversity—across a region and within four drainages. We found that total dissimilarity was more explained by replacement than nestedness. Fish diversity was governed by spatial and environmental factors, although the degree depended on the diversity facet and drainage. Adjusted R2 for combined models (i.e., spatial plus environment) of fish beta diversity was as high as 0.65. Local instream habitat variables were the most explanatory factors. Spatial factors based on overland Euclidean distance and asymmetric (directional) distance revealed more explanatory power than symmetric hydrologic distance. The purely spatial variation was often as high as 33% explained. Multiple facets were strongly correlated and provided similar results—albeit some differences arose, especially within different drainages; these differences highlight how difficult it is to generalize the multifaceted approach. However, the importance of exploring spatial models for determining the role of spatial processes on community assembly cannot be overstated.

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Data, material and code availability

All data and R code available at https://github.com/zdzbinden/OK_fish_diversity. Fish collections are housed at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, OK.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this study was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through State Wildlife Grant FI 3AF01213 (T-74-1) and the University of Oklahoma. We thank E. Marsh-Matthews for her numerous contributions to this project. We would like to acknowledge J. Cureton, D. Curtis, T. Shadid, and B. Tweedy for assistance in the field. Finally, we recognize S. Cartwright and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History for archiving fish collections.

Funding

Financial support for this study was provided by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation through State Wildlife Grant FI 3AF01213 (T-74-1) and the University of Oklahoma.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Zachery D. Zbinden

    Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

  2. Aaron D. Geheber

    Present address: School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, USA

  3. Richard J. Lehrter II

    Present address: National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

    Zachery D. Zbinden, Aaron D. Geheber, Richard J. Lehrter II & William J. Matthews

Authors
  1. Zachery D. Zbinden
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  2. Aaron D. Geheber
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  3. Richard J. Lehrter II
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  4. William J. Matthews
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Contributions

WJM led the funding acquisition and project administration. WJM and ZDZ conceived the ideas; ZDZ, ADG, RJL, and WJM collected the data; ZDZ analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; all authors edited the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zachery D. Zbinden.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

Fish collections were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Oklahoma and permitted by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation.

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Handling editor: Luis Mauricio Bini

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Zbinden, Z.D., Geheber, A.D., Lehrter, R.J. et al. Multifaceted assessment of stream fish alpha and beta diversity using spatial models. Hydrobiologia 849, 1795–1820 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04824-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04824-w

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