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Size-dependent susceptibility of lake phytoplankton to light stress: an implication for succession of large green algae in a deep oligotrophic lake

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Abstract

Field observations of the population dynamics and measurements of photophysiology in Lake Biwa were conducted by size class (< vs. > 30 μm) from early summer to autumn to investigate the relationships between susceptibility to light stress and cell size. Also, a nutrient bioassay was conducted to clarify whether the growth rate and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry of small and large phytoplankton are limited by nutrient availability. Large phytoplankton, which have lower intracellular Chl-a concentrations, had higher maximum PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) but lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQNSV) than small phytoplankton under both dark and increased light conditions. The nutrient bioassay revealed that the PSII photochemistry of small phytoplankton was restricted by N and P deficiency at the pelagic site even at the end of the stratification period, while that of large phytoplankton was not. These results suggest that large phytoplankton have lower susceptibility to PSII photodamage than small phytoplankton due to lower intracellular Chl-a concentrations. The size dependency of susceptibility to PSII photoinactivation may play a key role in large algal blooms in oligotrophic water.

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Fig. 1

reproduced from the website of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (https://www.gsi.go.jp) and supplemented with latitude and longitude lines. This map is licensed under the Government of Japan Standard Terms of Use (Ver. 2.0), which are compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

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Abbreviations

F ′ :

Fluorescence yield under actinic light

F m :

Maximum PSII fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state

F m ′ :

Maximum PSII fluorescence yield in light-adapted state

F O :

Minimum PSII fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state

F O ′ :

Minimum PSII fluorescence yield in light-adapted state

F q :

Variable PSII fluorescence yield in light-adapted state (Fm − F)

F v :

Maximum variable PSII fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state (Fm − FO)

F v ′ :

Variable PSII fluorescence yield under actinic light (Fm′ − FO′)

F v /F m :

Maximum PSII photochemical efficiency in dark-adapted state

F q ′ /F m ′ :

Effective PSII photochemical efficiency in light-adapted state

NPQ NSV :

Normalized Stern–Volmer coefficient of quenching (FO′/Fv′)

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Hirokazu Teraishi for assisting with the chemical analysis. This study was financially supported by the Collaborative Research Fund from Shiga Prefecture entitled ‘Study on water quality and lake-bottom environment for protection of the soundness of water environment’ under the Japanese Grant for Regional Revitalization and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (grant no. 5-1607) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/tiiki/tiikisaisei/souseikoufukin.html).

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Collaborative Research Fund from Shiga Prefecture entitled ‘Study on water quality and lake-bottom environment for protection of the soundness of water environment’ under the Japanese Grant for Regional Revitalization and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (Grant No. 5-1607) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/tiiki/tiikisaisei/souseikoufukin.html).

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Author notes

  1. Takehiro Kazama

    Present address: Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

  2. Kazuhiro Komatsu

    Present address: Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lake Biwa Branch Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

    Takehiro Kazama, Koichi Shimotori & Akio Imai

  2. Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Takehiro Kazama, Koichi Shimotori & Kazuhiro Komatsu

  3. Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

    Kazuhide Hayakawa & Takamaru Nagata

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Conceptualization (TK, KH), Methodology (TK, KH, KK), Resources (KH, TN), Investigation (TK, KH, TN, KS), Formal analysis (TK), Writing-original draft (TK), Writing-review & editing (TK, KH, TN, KS, AI, KK), Supervision (AI).

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Kazama, T., Hayakawa, K., Nagata, T. et al. Size-dependent susceptibility of lake phytoplankton to light stress: an implication for succession of large green algae in a deep oligotrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 849, 1115–1130 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04763-y

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