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Bivalve Mya arenaria L. as a model object in demecology: dynamics of bed structure, mortality and growth in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea

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Abstract

The structure dynamics of Mya arenaria beds in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea was observed for 7–35 years. We aimed to identify the patterns of the spatial–temporal organization of the clam beds by studying recruitment, growth, and mortality. Gaps between successful bed recruitment could exceed 10 years. The results of our investigations mostly support the hypothesis that the fluctuations in the recruitment level were determined both by the intensity of intraspecific relations and by the spat survival during the first year of life. Group growth rate and average annual mortality rate of soft-shell clams were sensitive to environmental conditions, which means they can be used as an indicator of their changes. M. arenaria in the most silted biotopes was characterized by the slowest growth and the highest mortality. However, the internal heterogeneity of the beds in terms of the ecological properties of individuals was high. The variation of the individual growth rate within the beds was comparable with that of the group growth rate between the studied locations. M. arenaria mortality rate varied with age. It is assumed the clam survival depends mostly on the degree of protection, intraspecific relationships, and aging.

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Data availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to students and staff of the Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology of St. Petersburg State University for help in material collection. The authors thank the directors of the Belomorskaya educational and research base for their support.

Funding

This work was supported by the RFBI Grant No. 18-05-60157.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, St. Petersburg State University, 16th Line VO, 29, St. Petersburg, Russia, 199178

    Alexandra V. Gerasimova, Nikolay V. Maximovich, Nadezhda A. Filippova & Diana S. Malova

  2. JSC “ECOPROJECT”, Obvodny Channel Embankment, 24-A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 193019

    Andrew A. Filippov

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  1. Alexandra V. Gerasimova
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Gerasimova AV. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexandra V. Gerasimova.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10750_2021_4658_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Online Resource 1. Scheme of measurements of 5-year-old clams. L – shell length; L2-L5 - shell length during 2-5 winter growth delays (Gerasimova et al. 2017). (TIFF 94 kb)

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Online Resource 2. Dynamics of average annual temperature and salinity of the water surface layer at the mouth of Chupa Inlet in 1983-2013 (Station Cartesh D1, data of staff of the White Sea Biological Station (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences). Vertical lines indicate 95 % confidential intervals. (TIFF 4382 kb)

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Online Resource 3. Length-frequency distribution of Mya arenaria at site 1 (low tidal zone) in 1980-2015. The data of 1980-2013 from Gerasimova and Maximovich (2013) and Gerasimova et al. (2015). (TIFF 1811 kb)

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Online Resource 4. Dynamics of the abundance (ind. m−2) in Mya arenaria age-classes at site 1 (low intertidal zone) in 1989-2015. (DOCX 22 kb)

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Online Resource 5. Length-frequency distribution of Mya arenaria at site 1 (middle tidal zone) in 1980-2014. (TIFF 1226 kb)

10750_2021_4658_MOESM6_ESM.docx

Online Resource 6. Dynamics of the abundance (ind. m−2) in Mya arenaria age-classes at site 1 (middle intertidal zone) in 1989-2014. (DOCX 20 kb)

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Online Resource 7. Length-frequency distribution of Mya arenaria at site 2 (MT and LT - middle and low tidal zones, respectively) in 1989-1996. The data of 1989-1996 (LT) from Gerasimova and Maximovich (2013). (TIFF 1434 kb)

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Online Resource 8. Dynamics of the abundance (ind. m−2) in Mya arenaria age-classes at site 2 (middle (A) and low (B) intertidal zone) in 1989-1997. The data of 1989-1996 (B) from Gerasimova and Maximovich (2013). (DOCX 17 kb)

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Online Resource 9. Length-frequency (A) and generation (B) distribution of Mya arenaria at site 3 (middle tidal zone) in 2000-2006. The data of 2000-2004 from Gerasimova and Maximovich (2013). (TIFF 1775 kb)

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Online Resource 10. Length-frequency (A) and generation (B) distribution of Mya arenaria at site 4 and 4a (middle tidal zone) in 2000-2006. The data of 2000-2004 (site 4) from Gerasimova and Maximovich (2013). (TIFF 2785 kb)

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Online Resource 11. Life-tables of the 1988 (sites 1, 2) and 1999 (sites 3, 4, 4a) generations of Mya arenaria. (DOCX 32 kb)

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Online Resource 12. Statistical analysis of parameters of survival curves (lx = lo*em*x) in the locations. l0, m – parameters. (DOCX 15 kb)

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Gerasimova, A.V., Maximovich, N.V., Filippova, N.A. et al. Bivalve Mya arenaria L. as a model object in demecology: dynamics of bed structure, mortality and growth in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea. Hydrobiologia 848, 4511–4533 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04658-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04658-y

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