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Wood abundance in urban and rural streams in northwestern South Carolina

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Abstract

In streams and rivers, wood from riparian vegetation contributes to habitat complexity and substrates for stream biota, influences channel geomorphology, alters flow, retains sediment and organic matter, and enhances nutrient uptake. A few studies have shown that wood amounts in urban streams may be lower than in rural streams or that wood amounts in streams are inversely related to watershed impervious surface cover (ISC). To determine if these patterns occur more broadly, we compared wood amounts in urban and non-urban streams in the South Carolina Piedmont and Blue Ridge Provinces. We measured wood abundance in 20 streams draining urbanized (15–68% ISC) or non-urbanized (≤ 2.5% ISC) watersheds. Our results did not support the hypothesis that urban streams would have less wood than rural streams, and we found no relationship between wood amounts and watershed ISC. Indeed, one urban stream bordered by large riparian trees had the greatest wood volume of all streams in our study. Instead, large wood amounts were best explained by tree canopy cover and length of unobstructed tree-lined channel upstream. These results suggest that the presence of numerous riparian trees influences wood amounts positively even in urban streams where wood amounts might be expected to be low.

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Data availability

The data generated during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Standard statistical methods were conducted using publicly available software.

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Acknowledgments

We thank David Brendle and Megan Chapman for their assistance in data collection and the Nature Conservancy for access to one of the field locations. Suresh Muthukrishnan provided guidance with GIS analyses and measurements of stream channel morphology, as well as helpful discussion of stream channel dynamics. We also thank Roy Bowers and John Quinn for discussion of statistical analyses. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by Furman University and an Undergraduate Science Education award to Furman University from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This study is a contribution to the River Basins Research Initiative at Furman University.

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Funding was provided by Furman University and an Undergraduate Science Education award to Furman University from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

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  1. Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, 29613, USA

    Gregory P. Lewis, Abbie M. Weigel, Katherine M. Duskin & Dennis C. Haney

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design, data collection, and data analysis. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Abbie M. Weigel and Gregory P. Lewis, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Lewis, G.P., Weigel, A.M., Duskin, K.M. et al. Wood abundance in urban and rural streams in northwestern South Carolina. Hydrobiologia 848, 4263–4283 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04638-2

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