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Movement of non-native rainbow trout in an estuary with periodic summer hypoxia

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Abstract

Many present-day aquatic ecosystems are defined by anthropogenic activities such as the introduction of non-native species, habitat loss, and eutrophication. On Prince Edward Island, Canada, non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have established in highly agricultural coastal watersheds. We used acoustic telemetry with continual oxygen and temperature monitoring to explore the relationship between rainbow trout movements, low dissolved oxygen, high temperature, and other environmental parameters in the eutrophic Dunk River estuary. We tested the hypothesis that rainbow trout capitalize on increased productivity from nutrient stimulation but face a trade-off with disturbed water quality. We divided the salinity transition gradient into zones representing the transition from freshwater to seawater and established that temperature and hypoxia increased with salinity. During hypoxic periods, movements decreased, and residence increased in low salinity habitat (< 1 Practical Salinity Units, PSU) Movement between zones increased from September to November, when conditions improved. A boosted regression tree model showed that dissolved oxygen, discharge, and temperature were related to occupancy which was greatest at dissolved oxygen levels > 6 mg L−1, discharge averaging 2 m3 s−1, and temperatures below 23 °C. This study provides insights into the success of rainbow trout in eutrophic estuaries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Kelly Aylward, Curtis Penny, Travis James, Christina Pater, Ashley Alberto, Sean Landsman, Todd Dupuis, Daryl Guignion, Rosie MacFarlane and Donna Giberson for their assistance, guidance and patience. The success of the tagging study on the Dunk River is in part attributed to Shawn Hill, who introduced the authors to a local angler named Jamie Landry. Jamie’s intimate knowledge of the watershed contributed directly to the success of the study. Additional thanks anglers who contributed to the success of this study by reporting captures and respecting sampling equipment. Funding for this research was provided by the Atlantic Salmon Federation as an industrial partner in the NSERC Industrial Post-Graduate Scholarship to SR, Harvey Moore Wildlife Scholarship to SR, by a Canada Research Chair to MRV, and by the PEI Wildlife Conservation Fund.

Author contribution

SR led project design, field sampling, data compilation, data analysis and manuscript authorship. MC participated in study design, field sampling, and manuscript revisions. KK participated in study design, and design of statistical approaches. He also participated in manuscript revision. MH participated in study design, and manuscript authorship.

Funding

Funding for this research was provided by the Atlantic Salmon Federation as an industrial partner in the NSERC Industrial Post-Graduate Scholarship to SR, Harvey Moore Wildlife Scholarship to SR, by a Canada Research Chair to MRV, and by the PEI Wildlife Conservation Fund.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Available upon request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, C1A 4P3, Canada

    Scott D. Roloson, Kyle M. Knysh & Michael R. van den Heuvel

  2. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada

    Michael R. S. Coffin

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  1. Scott D. Roloson
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  3. Kyle M. Knysh
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  4. Michael R. van den Heuvel
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Correspondence to Scott D. Roloson.

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Roloson, S.D., Coffin, M.R.S., Knysh, K.M. et al. Movement of non-native rainbow trout in an estuary with periodic summer hypoxia. Hydrobiologia 848, 4001–4016 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04619-5

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