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Effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on fish assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain

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Abstract

We evaluated the association between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), an important climatic phenomenon on Earth, with water level variation and fish assemblage attributes (i.e., abundance, species richness and structure of the assemblage) of the Paraná (dammed) and Ivinhema (undammed) rivers, located in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Cross-Correlation Function analyses were performed using the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI; which indexed ENSO events) as the influential time series on water level and fish assemblage attributes time series. ONI were positively associated with water level and with most of the fish assemblage attributes tested, but these patterns differed between the two rivers. This indicates that El Niño events affect the structure of the fish assemblages, mainly in the Ivinhema River, which presented more assemblage attributes associated with ONI. In addition, dams may play a regulatory effect over the water level of the Paraná River, which probably explains the different patterns of assemblage attributes in both rivers. Thus, ENSO events are associated with the composition and structure of the fish assemblages in the studied area, and their effects are apparently minimized in the Paraná River due to the presence of upstream dams.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Long Term Ecological Research, Site 6, supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (“Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” – CNPq) of Brazil for the financial support. The “Programa de Excelência Acadêmica” (PROEX) of the “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) and the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia - UEM) also provided financial support and infrastructure for developing this study. JCA received fellowship from CAPES.

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The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for providing grants.

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Conceived and designed the investigation: JCA, GFA, AAA, LCG Performed field and/or laboratory work: JCA, GFA, LCG. Analyzed the data: JCA, GFA, LCG. Wrote and revised the paper: JCA, GFA, AAA, LCG.

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Correspondence to Jonas C. Alves.

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Alves, J.C., Andreotti, G.F., Agostinho, A.A. et al. Effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on fish assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain. Hydrobiologia 848, 1811–1823 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04555-4

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