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Food web structure of three Mediterranean stream reaches along a gradient of anthropogenic impact

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Abstract

Anthropogenic impact can alter food web structure through changes in species interactions. In this study, we explored the food web of three Mediterranean stream reaches (two seasonal and one permanent) along an anthropogenic impact gradient to test the hypothesis that increasing impact simplifies food webs. To test this, we applied the isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) niche concept to compare reaches using isotopic metrics (isotopic richness, divergence, dispersion, evenness, and redundancy). The isotopic indices were useful to identify differences in food web architecture among the three reaches. The least impacted site had the highest isotopic richness, dispersion, and isotopic redundancy, suggesting higher ecological resilience at this site. The effect of disturbance in the remaining two sites was masked by the presence of invasive crayfish, which increased isotopic divergence and was responsible for higher food-chain length in the most impacted reach, but not in the moderately impacted reach. Consumers displayed generalistic feeding habits, with Bayesian mixing models indicating that they relied primarily on a mixture of periphyton, other macroinvertebrates, and to a lesser extent, detritus. Some taxa displayed changes in their dietary habitats depending on the site, indicating that the same type of taxa fed on distinct foods at each stream reach.

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Acknowledgements

The authors specially acknowledge Paulo Zaragosa Pedro, Marta Ribeiro e Bruno Garcia from Laboratório de Análises Quimicas (LAQ) from University of Algarve for their technical support in chemical analysis of nutrients. We also acknowledge Alba Carmona Navarro from IRNAS-CSIC for her assistance with isotopic analysis. The following work was a part of the IMPACT project funded by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal (ERA558IWRM/0003/2009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Katarzyna Sroczyńska & Luis Chícharo

  2. MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    Katarzyna Sroczyńska

  3. Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA

    Tanner J. Williamson

  4. Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Marilia Claro

  5. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS,CSIC), MOSS Group, Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012, Seville, Spain

    José A. González-Pérez

  6. Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar

    Pedro Range

  7. CIMA – Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Tomasz Boski

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  1. Katarzyna Sroczyńska
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Sroczyńska, K., Williamson, T.J., Claro, M. et al. Food web structure of three Mediterranean stream reaches along a gradient of anthropogenic impact. Hydrobiologia 847, 2357–2375 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04263-5

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