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Species delimitation based on integrative approach suggests reallocation of genus in Hypostomini catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)

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Abstract

Integrative approaches are particularly useful to resolve taxonomic uncertainties in species-rich groups that have undergone explosive radiation, such as Hypostomini (suckermouth armored catfishes). This tribe encompasses the genera Hypostomus and Pterygoplichthys, but the actual number of species in each genus and the intergeneric interrelationships are confusing or unknown for some ecoregions in the Neotropics. Here, we analyzed three endemic species Hypostomus chrysostiktos, H. jaguar and H. unae from Northeastern Mata Atlântica in northeastern Brazil based on meristic characters, geometric morphometrics, chromosomal data, DNA barcode and species delimitation algorithms. The current taxonomic status of these catfishes is challenged. While H. unae and H. jaguar revealed a close evolutionary relationship similar to those observed within Hypostomus from other basins, H. chrysostiktos was herein more closely related to Pterygoplichthys, being invariably recovered as a highly distinctive taxonomic unit than to Hypostomus. Therefore, we recommend the reallocation of H. chrysostiktos as Pterygoplichthys chrysostiktos and a thorough systematic review of Pterygoplichthys, particularly focusing on putative convergence traits in relation to Hypostomus.

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Acknowledgements

The financial support to this work was provided by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) (Grant RED0009/2013). The license to collect the specimens (Number 26752-3) was obtained from the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/Sistema de Autorização e Informação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/SISBIO). The euthanasia and experiments were approved by the Ethic Committee of Utilization of Animals from Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (CEUA/UESB, Number 32/2013). The authors would also like to thank the field assistants, particularly the fishermen from Iaçu-BA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil

    Marcia S. Anjos

  2. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho, S/N, Jequiezinho, Jequié, BA, 45208-190, Brazil

    Jamille A. Bitencourt, Lorena A. Nunes & Paulo R. A. M. Affonso

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal-Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Prédio Bárbara Weinberg-Campus de Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil

    Luisa M. Sarmento-Soares

  4. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500 - Prédio 41, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-610, Brazil

    Daniel C. Carvalho

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 331 Funchess, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Jonathan W. Armbruster

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  1. Marcia S. Anjos
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Correspondence to Paulo R. A. M. Affonso.

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Supplementary material 1 (PDF 158 kb) Supplementary_1: Morphometric and meristic data for Hypostomus chrysostiktos, H. jaguar, and H. unae. SD standard deviation

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Supplementary material 2 (PDF 200 kb) Supplementary_2: Anatomic landmarks inserted in each view for the morphometric analyses of Hypostomus spp. and photographs of Hypostomus from coastal basins along Northeastern Mata Atlântica (NMA) ecoregion, indicating the anatomic landmarks used in morphometric analyses. a Dorsal view, b left side view, and c ventral view

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Supplementary material 3 (PDF 188 kb) Supplementary_3: Information of COI sequences used in the present study, including access numbers, species description and references

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Supplementary material 4 (PDF 221 kb) Supplementary_4: Photographs and morphological comparison between Hypostomus chrysostiktos, H. jaguar, H. unae and Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus

Supplementary material 5 (PDF 325 kb) Supplementary_5: Maximum likelihood tree, showing bootstrap values above 60%

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Supplementary material 6 (PDF 161 kb) Supplementary_6: Intraspecific genetic distance (D) of COI sequences based on K2P distance of analyzed species and number and position of diagnostic molecular sites in each species

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Supplementary material 7 (PDF 180 kb) Supplementary_7: Interspecific genetic distance (D) of COI sequences based on K2P distance of analyzed species, without outgroups. This matrix was used to generate the heatmap

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Supplementary material 8 (PDF 121 kb) Supplementary_8: Cytogenetic data in morphotypes and species of Hypostomus from coastal basins in NMA and putatively related taxa, including Pterygoplichthys

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Anjos, M.S., Bitencourt, J.A., Nunes, L.A. et al. Species delimitation based on integrative approach suggests reallocation of genus in Hypostomini catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Hydrobiologia 847, 563–578 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04121-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04121-z

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