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Characterization of a hybrid zone between two annual killifish genus Austrolebias from the Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar Sites in South America

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Abstract

This study attempts to characterize species boundaries in the hybrid zone between two taxa of the South American killifish genus Austrolebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), A. charrua and A. reicherti, to test mechanisms underlying secondary contact and introgression. The hybrid zone spans in a narrow area of approximately 106 km2 in the Patos-Merin System. Present analyses were based on seven microsatellite loci, and one mitochondrial marker and morphology. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and morphology detected five hybrid populations. Structure and Newhybrids analyses suggested the existence of a bimodal hybrid zone, in which hybrids predominantly consist of individuals genetically similar to one or other parental genotype, with few intermediates. The existence of bidirectional backcrossing was evident through AMOVA analyses using both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, haplotype network, and long-term asymmetric gene flow estimates. Several mechanisms may underlie the patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear gene flow such as differential fitness of intraspecific and interspecific cyto-nuclear combinations and selection against female function in interspecific backcrosses. Finally, present results highlight the role of natural hybridization and introgression to increase morphological and genetic variability contrasting with inbreeding and genetic drift which occur in each temporal pond where these endangered killifish species live.

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  • 09 September 2020

    Due to an unfortunate turn of events, the incorrect caption of Fig. 2 appeared in the original publication. Figure 2 and its correct caption is published here and should be treated as definitive.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following people: Alejandro Duarte for his help in the fieldtrips. We acknowledge the grants provided by the CSIC-UdelaR Project C_930 (2016–2019) and the Killi-Data Online Organization (2006–07) for molecular research to G. García. The research of G.G., M.L., V.G., and N.R. was also supported by the SNI (Sistema Nacional de Investigadores), Uruguay.

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  1. Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Iguá 4225, CP. 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Graciela García, Verónica Gutiérrez, Néstor Ríos & Sebastián Serra

  2. Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Sebastián Serra & Marcelo Loureiro

  3. Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, UdelaR, Iguá, 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Nicolás Papa

  4. Sección Ictiología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Sebastián Serra & Marcelo Loureiro

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  1. Graciela García
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  2. Verónica Gutiérrez
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  3. Néstor Ríos
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Correspondence to Graciela García.

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García, G., Gutiérrez, V., Ríos, N. et al. Characterization of a hybrid zone between two annual killifish genus Austrolebias from the Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar Sites in South America. Hydrobiologia 847, 421–442 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04104-0

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