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Drivers of phytoplankton richness and diversity components in Neotropical floodplain lakes, from small to large spatial scales

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Abstract

Understanding the distribution patterns of species and how spatial and environmental factors drive the structure of communities is crucial to the preservation of biodiversity. We evaluate, during the low and high water periods, the phytoplankton diversity in lakes of four Brazilian floodplain systems (FPs): Amazon, Araguaia, Pantanal, and Paraná. We hypothesized that (i) species variation/replacement among floodplains (β2) is the predominant mechanism in shaping phytoplankton gamma diversity; (ii) the variation in phytoplankton taxonomic composition within each floodplain (β1) is mainly governed by local environmental conditions due to the high dispersal ability of phytoplankton at small spatial scales; and (iii) variation in the phytoplankton taxonomic composition among floodplains (β2) is mainly influenced by dispersal limitation. Variation partitioning was used to evaluate the influence of spatial and environmental factors on species richness. Higher γ diversity was found in the Araguaia and Amazon FPs. The high contribution of β2 (large scale) to γ diversity revealed the high degree of environmental heterogeneity in each floodplain. β1 (small scale) was more influenced by environmental variables, and β2 by both spatial and environmental factors. Our findings showed that γ diversity was explained by the interaction between the two factors, and that these processes influencing variation were scale dependent.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Nucleus of Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture (NUPELIA) and the National Program for Research in Biodiversity (Sisbiota Brazil) for logistical and financial support. We would like to thank the NUPELIA group for gently giving us the limnological, zooplankton, and ciliate database. The Brazilian Research Council (CNPq) and the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) provided doctoral and post-doctoral scholarships. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, PR, CEP 87020-900, Brazil

    Geovani Arnhold Moresco

  2. Laboratório de Ficologia, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2019, Jardim Universitário, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil

    Jascieli Carla Bortolini

  3. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

    Juliana Déo Dias, Alfonso Pineda & Luzia Cleide Rodrigues

  4. Núcleo de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

    Susicley Jati

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  1. Geovani Arnhold Moresco
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  2. Jascieli Carla Bortolini
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  3. Juliana Déo Dias
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Correspondence to Geovani Arnhold Moresco.

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Moresco, G.A., Bortolini, J.C., Dias, J.D. et al. Drivers of phytoplankton richness and diversity components in Neotropical floodplain lakes, from small to large spatial scales. Hydrobiologia 799, 203–215 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3214-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3214-3

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