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A matter of persistence: differential Late Pleistocene survival of two rocky-shore idoteid isopod species in northern Japan

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Abstract

The expansion–contraction (EC) model of Pleistocene biogeography and the concept of refugia are of dubious applicability for rocky-shore marine species along the northwest Pacific coast, which was not glaciated at the last glacial maximum (LGM) and likely remained largely habitable by marine communities. We examined the population structure and historical demography of two ecologically similar rocky-intertidal idoteid isopods, Idotea ochotensis and Cleantiella isopus, in northern Japan based on mitochondrial COI and (for I. ochotensis) nuclear ITS nucleotide sequences. We concluded that I. ochotensis persisted in northern Japan across one or more glacial cycles, whereas C. isopus recolonized northern Japan after the LGM. We present an alternative general model for Pleistocene biogeography in temperate to subtropical, non-glaciated coastal regions, wherein species tend to retain large population size and high genetic diversity across glacial cycles in a zone of persistence, with flanking zones of expansion and contraction where the geographical range cyclically expands and contracts (i.e., undergoes latitudinal displacements) with climatic oscillations. We also found that local sea straits had less effect in determining phylogeographic boundaries than a long stretch of unfavorable shore habitat, and that late Holocene sea current patterns appear to have affected fine-scale phylogeographic patterns.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Shushi Abukawa, Takumi Onishi, Daisuke Shimada, Naoya Takeda, Shinri Tomioka, Hiroshi Yamasaki, and Shohei Yamauchi for assistance in the field; Keiichi Kakui for assistance with figures; Ayano Sasaki for administrative assistance; and two anonymous reviewers whose comments contributed substantially to this paper. Our study was supported by a KAKENHI Grant (23370038) to MHD and HK from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This is Contribution 2 from the Tsugaru Strait Marine Dispersal Project.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Shimpei F. Hiruta, Maho Ikoma, Toru Katoh, Hiroshi Kajihara & Matthew H. Dick

  2. Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan

    Shimpei F. Hiruta

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  1. Shimpei F. Hiruta
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  2. Maho Ikoma
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Correspondence to Matthew H. Dick.

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Hiruta, S.F., Ikoma, M., Katoh, T. et al. A matter of persistence: differential Late Pleistocene survival of two rocky-shore idoteid isopod species in northern Japan. Hydrobiologia 799, 151–179 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3209-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3209-0

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