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Two African origins of naturalized brown mussel (Perna perna) in Brazil: past and present bioinvasions

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Abstract

Shipping has facilitated dispersion of exotic marine species, the genetic diversity of which may allow determination of their geographic origins. The economically important African brown mussel (Perna perna) is widely distributed along the southeastern and southern Brazilian coasts, and for which information on genetic diversity and origins is scarce. Five populations, along 2,500 km of Brazilian coast, were genetically characterized to test for homogeneity, verify haplotype and nucleotide diversity levels, and infer relationships among Brazilian and African P. perna. Mitochondrial COI gene sequences of 488 bp were obtained from 158 Brazilian P. perna, and from GenBank for other locations. The nuclear fragment rRNA18S-ITS1 was used as a species-specific marker. The five Brazilian locations were homogeneous, being composed of two mitochondrial haplogroups: haplogroup 1, with low genetic diversity, was linked to Tunisia, Morocco, and Mauritania, and haplogroup 2, with high genetic diversity, shared haplotypes with Brazil, Venezuela, western South Africa, Namibia and Angola. Haplotypes from southeastern Africa and from Oman were not found in Brazil. Patterns in genetic structure, diversity, and haplotype relationships of haplogroup 2 appear related to past trade routes between former African colonies and Brazil, whereas the low diversity of haplogroup 1 suggests more recent invasions.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for financing this research project (Edital Universal, 472558/2009-9). M. J. S de Oliveira would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior for a scholarship. Samples were obtained under license (No. 21823-1) from the Instituto Chico Mendes para a Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio).

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  1. Laboratório de Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Bragança, Pará, CEP 68600-000, Brazil

    Maria Jaqueline Sousa de Oliveira, Neidson Giliard Vasconcelos Barros, Nelane do Socorro Marques-Silva, Elvis Silva Lima & Claudia Helena Tagliaro

  2. Laboratório de Moluscos, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Bragança, Pará, CEP 68600-000, Brazil

    Colin Robert Beasley

  3. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cx. Postal 42494, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04218-970, Brazil

    Luiz Ricardo Lopes de Simone

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de Oliveira, M.J.S., Beasley, C.R., Barros, N.G.V. et al. Two African origins of naturalized brown mussel (Perna perna) in Brazil: past and present bioinvasions. Hydrobiologia 794, 59–72 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-3082-2

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