Abstract
The distribution, species composition, abundance and shoaling behaviour of young-of-year fish were studied in the canyon-shaped Vír Reservoir (Czech Republic) in mid-June 2010. Using the SIMRAD EK60 echosounder (frequency 120 kHz), fry were acoustically sampled along the longitudinal profile of the reservoir. A framed trawl was used simultaneously to collect fry in the open water. Apparent differences were found in the density of fry between the epipelagic, littoral and bathypelagic zones. Bathypelagic fry strongly predominated in the total fry community creating 95.3% while epipelagic and littoral fry contributed only 4.7%. The bathypelagic fry were represented by perch Perca fluviatilis (84.8%), zander Sander lucioperca (14.9%) and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua (0.15%) and were observed all along the longitudinal profile of the reservoir creating a distinct layer on the echogram. The layer, composed of shoaling and non-shoaling fry individuals, reached its greatest depth in the Bay part of the reservoir (7.5–14.5 m) and it was rising in the water column towards the tributary. The situation that the bathypelagic percid fry predominate in the reservoir is absolutely unique and it is completely different from published observations from other canyon-shaped reservoirs where epipelagic percid fry prevailed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Appenzeller, A. R. & W. C. Leggett, 1995. An evaluation of light-mediated vertical migration of fish based on hydroacoustic analysis of the diel vertical movements of rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52: 504–511.
Baldwin, C. M., D. A. Beauchamp & C. P. Gubala, 2002. Seasonal and diel distribution and movement of cutthroat trout from ultrasonic telemetry. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131: 143–158.
Brown, T. G., B. Runciman, M. J. Bradford & S. A. Pollard, 2009. Biological Synopsis of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens). Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo.
Čech, M., M. Kratochvíl, J. Kubečka, V. Draštík & J. Matěna, 2005. Diel vertical migrations of bathypelagic perch fry. Journal of Fish Biology 66: 685–702.
Čech, M. & J. Kubečka, 2006. Ontogenetic changes in the bathypelagic distribution of European perch fry Perca fluviatilis monitored by hydroacoustic methods. Biologia 61: 211–219.
Čech, M., J. Kubečka, J. Frouzová, V. Draštík, M. Kratochvíl, J. Matěna & J. Hejzlar, 2007a. Distribution of the bathypelagic perch fry layer along the longitudinal profile of two large canyon-shaped reservoirs. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 141–154.
Čech, M., J. Kubečka, J. Frouzová, V. Draštík, M. Kratochvíl & J. Jarošík, 2007b. Impact of flood on distribution of bathypelagic perch fry layer along the longitudinal profile of large canyon-shaped reservoir. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 1109–1119.
Čech, M., J. Frouzová, J. Peterka, T. Jůza, V. Draštík, M. Vašek & J. Kubečka, 2016. Sampling of deep benthic perch fry: insight into the diel vertical migrations. Hydrobiologia. doi:10.1007/s10750-016-2803-x. (on-line first from 9 May 2016).
Eklöv, P., 1997. Effects of habitat complexity and prey abundance on the spatial and temporal distributions of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pike (Esox lucius). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54: 1520–1531.
Frouzová, J. & J. Kubečka, 2004. Changes of acoustic target strength during juvenile perch development. Fisheries Research 66: 355–361.
Foote, K. G., H. P. Knudsen, G. Vestnes, D. N. MacLennan & E. J. Simmonds, 1987. Calibration of acoustic instruments for fish density estimation. ICES Cooperative Research Report 144: 1–70.
Gliwicz, Z. M. & A. Jachner, 1992. Diel migrations of juvenile fish: a ghost of predation past or present? Arch. Hydrobiologia 124: 385–410.
Guillard, J., M. E. Perga, M. Colon & N. Angeli, 2006. Hydroacoustic assessment of young of year perch, Perca fluviatilis, population dynamics in an oligotrophic lake (Lake Annecy, France). Fisheries Management and Ecology 13: 319–327.
Jarolím, O., J. Kubečka, M. Čech, M. Vašek, J. Peterka & J. Matěna, 2010. Sinusoidal swimming in fishes: the role of season, density of large zooplankton, fish length, time of the day, weather condition and solar radiation. Hydrobiologia 654: 253–265.
Jůza, T., M. Čech, J. Kubečka, M. Vašek, J. Peterka & J. Matěna, 2010. The influence of the trawl mouth opening size and net colour on catch efficiency during sampling of early fish stages. Fisheries Research 105: 125–133.
Jůza, T., M. Čech, J. Kubečka, M. Vašek, J. Peterka, M. Kratochvíl & J. Matěna, 2012. The influence of the trawl mouth opening size and net colour on catch efficiency during sampling of early stages of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in the bathypelagic layer of a canyon-shaped reservoir. Fisheries Research 123: 21–25.
Kratochvíl, M., J. Peterka, J. Kubečka, J. Matěna, M. Vašek, I. Vaníčková & J. Seďa, 2008. Diet of larvae and juvenile perch, Perca fluviatilis performing diel vertical migrations in a deep reservoir. Folia Zoologica 57: 313–323.
Kratochvíl, M., M. Čech, M. Vašek, J. Kubečka, J. Hejzlar, J. Matěna & J. Seďa, 2010. Diel vertical migrations of age 0 + percids in a shallow, well-mixed reservoir. Journal of Limnology 69: 305–310.
Lazzaro, X., 1987. A review of planktivorous fishes: their evolution, feeding behaviour, selectivities, and impacts. Hydrobiologia 146: 97–167.
Lewin, W. C., N. Okun & T. Mehner, 2004. Determinants of the distribution of juvenile fish in the littoral area of a shallow lake. Freshwater Biology 49: 410–424.
Macháček, J., 1991. Indirect effect of planktivorous fish on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia galeata. Hydrobiologia 225: 193–197.
Mehner, T., H. Dörner & H. Schultz, 1998. Factors determining the year-class strength of age-0 Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a biomanipulated reservoir. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 46: 241–251.
Petrtýl, M., L. Kalous, J. Frouzová & M. Čech, 2015. Effects of habitat type on short-and long-term growth parameters of the European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). International Review of Hydrobiology 100: 13–20.
Pitcher, T. J. & J. K. Parrish, 1993. Functions of shoaling behavior in teleosts. In Pitcher, T. (ed.), Behaviour of Teleost Fishes. Chapman and Hall, London: 363–439.
Post, J. R. & D. J. McQueen, 1988. Ontogenetic changes in the distribution of larval and juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens): a response to prey or predators? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45: 1820–1826.
Probst, W. N. & R. Eckmann, 2009. The influence of light on the diel vertical migration of young-of-the-year burbot Lota lota in Lake Constance. Journal of Fish Biology 74: 150–166.
Simmonds, J. & D. N. MacLennan, 2008. Fisheries Acoustics: Theory and Practice. Wiley, New York.
Staby, A., J. Srisomwong & R. Rosland, 2013. Variation in DVM behaviour of juvenile and adult pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri) linked to feeding strategies and related predation risk. Fisheries Oceanography 22: 90–101.
StatSoft, 2011. STATISTICA data analysis software system, version 10. StatSoft Inc., www.statsoft.com.
Treasurer, J. W., 1988. The distribution and growth of lacustrine 0 + perch, Perca fluviatilis. Environmental biology of fishes 21: 37–44.
Urho, L., 1996a. Identification of perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) larvae. Annales Zoologici Fennici 33: 659–668.
Urho, L., 1996b. Habitat shifts of perch larvae as survival strategy. Annales Zoologici Fennici 33: 329–340.
Wang, N. & R. Eckmann, 1994. Distribution of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) during their first year of life in Lake Constance. Hydrobiologia 277: 135–143.
Vašek, M., J. Kubečka, J. Peterka, M. Čech, V. Draštík, M. Hladík, M. Prchalová & J. Frouzová, 2004. Longitudinal and vertical spatial gradients in the distribution of fish within a canyon-shaped reservoir. International Review of Hydrobiology 89: 352–362.
Vašek, M., J. Kubečka, J. Matěna & J. Seďa, 2006. Distribution and diet of 0 + fish within a canyon-shaped European reservoir in late summer. International Review of Hydrobiology 91: 178–194.
Vašek, M., M. Prchalová, J. Peterka, H. A. M. Ketelaars, A. J. Wagenvoort, M. Čech, V. Draštík, M. Říha, T. Jůza, M. Kratochvíl, T. Mrkvička, P. Blabolil, D. S. Boukal, J. Duras & J. Kubečka, 2013. The utility of predatory fish in biomanipulation of deep reservoirs. Ecological Engineering 52: 104–111.
Vejřík, L., I. Matějíčková, T. Jůza, J. Frouzová, J. Seďa, P. Blabolil, D. Ricard, M. Vašek, J. Kubečka, M. Říha & M. Čech, 2016a. Small fish use the hypoxic pelagic zone as a refuge from predators. Freshwater Biology 61: 899–913.
Vejřík, L., I. Matějíčková, J. Seďa, P. Blabolil, T. Jůza, M. Vašek, D. Ricard, J. Matěna, J. Frouzová, J. Kubečka, M. Říha & M. Čech, 2016b. Who is who: an anomalous predator-prey role exchange between cyprinids and perch. Plos One 11: e0156430.
Whiteside, M. C., C. M. Swindoll & W. L. Doolittle, 1985. Factors affecting the early life history of yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Environmental Biology of Fishes 12: 47–56.
Acknowledgments
Authors thank Jana Zemanová for zooplankton analysis and Mary Morris for English proofreading of the manuscript. The study was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project No. 206/09/P266), CEKOPOT (project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0204) and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009-2014 under contract number MSMT-28477/2014 (project No. 7F14316).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling editor: M. Power
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sajdlová, Z., Jůza, T., Frouzová, J. et al. Bathypelagic percid fry, a strongly predominating fry community in a deep European reservoir. Hydrobiologia 787, 341–352 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2978-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2978-1