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The valve movement response of three freshwater mussels Corbicula fluminea Müller 1774, Hyriopsis cumingii Lea 1852, and Anodonta woodiana Lea 1834 exposed to copper

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Abstract

Biological early warning system (BEWS) is an innovative system for real-time water quality monitoring based on different behavioral responses of aquatic organisms. Mussels easily meet the requirement for optimal organisms in BEWS. However, little emphasis has been placed on freshwater mussels. In this study, the Hall element sensor system has been used to investigate exposure–response relationships of valve movement in freshwater Corbicula fluminea, Hyriopsis cumingii, and Anodonta woodiana exposed to a copper (Cu2+) gradient of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg l−1. The measured behavioral parameters were compared to determine if a response could be elucidated, including the amplitude of valve opening (AVO) and frequency of valve adduction (FVA). The results suggest that the mean AVO was significantly decreased in C. fluminea exposed to 0.1 and 1 mg l−1, and decreased for H. cumingii and A. woodiana after exposure to 10 mg l−1. The mean FVA was significantly decreased in H. cumingii exposed to 1 and 10 mg l−1, while A. woodiana revealed lower frequencies only at 10 mg l−1. The three species showed inherent rhythms of valve movements and dose-dependent responses upon copper exposure, and H. cumingii showed the most obvious profile of a copper dose-valve movement response.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31072214) and JSPS RONPAKU (CSC11315) Program. The authors would like to thank Drs. Jason C. Raine, Martin Reichard, Katya E. Kovalenko, Luigi Naselli-Flores and anonymous reviewers for critically reading and comments that improved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jian Yang.

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Handling editor: Katya E. Kovalenko

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10750_2015_2560_MOESM1_ESM.pptx

SI Fig. 1 Relationship between the output voltage (V h) of the Hall element sensor and the distance (L) from the Hall element sensor on the one valve to the magnet on the other valve (PPTX 62 kb)

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SI Fig. 2 Amplitude of valve opening (AVO) in triangle-sail mussels Hyriopsis cumingii under different copper concentrations over 3 h (PPTX 2844 kb)

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SI Fig. 3 Amplitude of valve opening (AVO) in Asian clams Corbicula fluminea under different copper concentrations over 3 h (PPTX 3154 kb)

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SI Fig. 4 Amplitude of valve opening (AVO) in swan mussels Anodonta woodiana under different copper concentrations over 3 h (PPTX 2638 kb)

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SI Fig. 5 Frequency of valve adduction (FVA, ●) under the 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg l−1 Cu2+ concentrations. The solid lines were drawn using regression relationship shown in the figure; the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals of the regression line. Note that regressions were not significant (R and P values are shown) and regression lines are illustrative (PPT 566 kb)

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Liu, H., Chen, X., Kang, I.J. et al. The valve movement response of three freshwater mussels Corbicula fluminea Müller 1774, Hyriopsis cumingii Lea 1852, and Anodonta woodiana Lea 1834 exposed to copper. Hydrobiologia 770, 1–13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2560-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2560-2

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