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Developmental trade-offs in Southern Ocean mollusc kleptoparasitic species

  • BIOLOGY OF THE ROSS SEA
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Abstract

Connectivity is a key factor in determining the genetic structure of marine populations, and type and duration of the larval phase strongly affect dispersal abilities of species. In Antarctica, invertebrates show a higher proportion of species with limited pelagic dispersal, and any exception to this pattern is worthy of attention. Capulidae is a family of kleptoparasitic gastropods, with two larval strategies. Most species have a peculiar planktotrophic larva, the ‘echinospira’, which enables a long pelagic dispersal; a minority of species undergo lecithotrophic development. We provide the first molecular phylogenetic framework for the family and define the Antarctic species based on molecular data. Based on this information, and on larval shell morphology, we tested the hypothesis that capulid species with high dispersal capacities via planktotrophic larvae display high genetic connectivity over long distances. Our data showed that whilst larval planktotrophy is the predominant larval strategy of the family worldwide, the vast majority of Antarctic species exhibit non-planktotrophic development. The unique exception, Capulus subcompressus, showed high genetic connectivity between the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea-Antarctic Peninsula. In all other Antarctic species, environmental constraints selected towards intracapsular metamorphosis, despite the associated limits of dispersal and finding a host.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the PNRA for funding and logistic support during the Italian expedition XXVII and XXVIII (PNRA Project 2010/A1.10 “BAMBi” Barcoding of Antarctic Marine Biodiversity). Marine research activities during the TAN0402 “BioRoss” expedition have been jointly supported by Antarctica New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI) and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric research (NIWA). We thank the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) for funding and logistic support of the Polarstern cruise PS81, ANT XXIX/3. We are indebted to Claudio Ghiglione for the preparation of the map and to Walter Renda for help with collecting Capulus. We wish to thank Anders Warén and an anonymous reviewer for very constructive criticism of this manuscript. This is BAMBi contribution #9 and part of the integrated output from the SCAR-AntEco Science Programme.

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  1. Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Zoology – Viale dell’Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Giulia Fassio, Maria Vittoria Modica & Marco Oliverio

  2. Di.S.T.A.V., University of Genova, C.so Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy

    Maria Chiara Alvaro & Stefano Schiaparelli

  3. Museo Nazionale dell’Antartide (Sede di Genova), Viale Benedetto XV n.5, 16132, Genoa, Italy

    Maria Chiara Alvaro & Stefano Schiaparelli

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  1. Giulia Fassio
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  2. Maria Vittoria Modica
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Guest editors: Diego Fontaneto & Stefano Schiaparelli / Biology of the Ross Sea and Surrounding Areas in Antarctica

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Fassio, G., Modica, M.V., Alvaro, M.C. et al. Developmental trade-offs in Southern Ocean mollusc kleptoparasitic species. Hydrobiologia 761, 121–141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2318-x

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