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Impacts of land use, climate variability, and management on thermal structure, anoxia, and transparency in hypereutrophic urban water supply reservoirs

Hydrobiologia volume 745, pages 263–284 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Reservoir water quality can be compromised by algal production and anoxia, which in turn are impacted by hydrodynamic stability and water temperature. We developed a conceptual model to quantify the dominant controls on stability, anoxia, and transparency using statistical analysis of a long-term (1990–2011) data set for four reservoirs in San Diego, California, each receiving runoff from a watershed with a different level of urban and agricultural land use. We hypothesized that water depth, not air temperature, controlled stability and that anoxia, after correcting for stability, increased and transparency decreased with increasing land use. Depth fluctuated widely interannually and was the dominant control on stability, which in turn controlled transparency in shallow reservoirs. Shallow depth and low stability correlated with low transparency. Transparency decreased with increasing development in the watershed. Water quality deteriorated over time in the reservoirs with the most and, contrary to our hypothesis, least developed watersheds. Deterioration of water quality in the pristine watershed coincided with the introduction of forage fish, which can suppress zooplankton density and translocate phosphorus to the photic zone. The interaction of land use, climate, water level management, basin morphology, and aquatic food webs can deteriorate water quality, even in reservoirs receiving runoff from pristine watersheds.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Jeff Pasek from the City of San Diego Water Department for providing the bulk of the data used in this study and for comments that helped with interpretation of the analyses. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments. This study was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2011-38422-31204 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

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  1. Department of Geography, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA

    Raymond Mark Lee & Trent Wade Biggs

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  1. Raymond Mark Lee
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Correspondence to Raymond Mark Lee.

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Lee, R.M., Biggs, T.W. Impacts of land use, climate variability, and management on thermal structure, anoxia, and transparency in hypereutrophic urban water supply reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 745, 263–284 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2112-1

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Keywords

  • Water level fluctuation
  • Schmidt stability
  • Eutrophication
  • Anoxia