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Identification and conservation of remnant genetic resources of brown trout in relict populations from Western Mediterranean streams

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Abstract

Brown trout is a cold-adapted freshwater species with restricted distribution to headwater streams in rivers of the South European peninsulas, where populations are highly vulnerable because Mediterranean regions are highly sensitive to the global climatic warming. Moreover, these populations are endangered due to the introgressive hybridization with cultured stocks. Individuals from six remnant populations in Western Mediterranean rivers were sequenced for the complete mitochondrial DNA control region and genotyped for 11 nuclear markers. Three different brown trout lineages were present in the studied region. Significant genetic divergence was observed among locations and a strong effect of genetic drift was suggested. An important stocking impact (close to 25%) was detected in the zone. Significant correlations between mitochondrial-based rates of hatchery introgression and water flow variation suggested a higher impact of stocked females in unstable habitats. In spite of hatchery introgression, all populations remained highly differentiated, suggesting that native genetic resources are still abundant. However, climatic predictions indicated that suitable habitats for the species in these rivers will be reduced and hence trout populations are highly endangered and vulnerable. Thus, management policies should take into account these predictions to design upstream refuge areas to protect remnant native trout in the region.

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Acknowledgments

Authors wish to thank M. López and S. Gómez for their technical support. Authors are also indebted with R. García to provide the samples from 2008 and the information about populations under study. M. Vera is grateful to R. Martinez, M. Lobo and especially to T. Cuartero for their help with ArcMap program. This study has been supported by the Generalitat Valenciana Autonomous Government (Spain) project (2008/CI446).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002, Lugo, Spain

    M. Vera, P. Martinez & C. Bouza

  2. Laboratori d’Ictiologia Genètica, Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi s/n, 17071, Girona, Spain

    M. Vera, J. L. Garcia-Marin & R. M. Araguas

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  1. M. Vera
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  2. J. L. Garcia-Marin
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  3. P. Martinez
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  4. R. M. Araguas
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  5. C. Bouza
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Correspondence to M. Vera.

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Handling editor: M. Power

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Vera, M., Garcia-Marin, J.L., Martinez, P. et al. Identification and conservation of remnant genetic resources of brown trout in relict populations from Western Mediterranean streams. Hydrobiologia 707, 29–45 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1402-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1402-8

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