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Implications of climate change for Daphnia in alpine lakes: predictions from long-term dynamics, spatial distribution, and a short-term experiment

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Abstract

Alpine lakes may be particularly useful as sentinels of climate change because they are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. To explore the potential biotic consequences of climate change in these systems, we conducted paleo- and neoecological observational studies, as well as a short-term experiment to examine Daphnia responses to changing environmental conditions in Rocky Mountain alpine lakes. Our analysis of a sediment core from Emerald Lake representing two periods from the Holocene revealed a significant positive relationship between the abundance of Daphnia remains and fossil Aulacoseira lirata, a diatom associated with deeper mixing depths. In addition, we detected a significant increase in mean Daphnia density in the long-term record (1991–2005) from Pipit Lake, a trend that correlated well with increases in mean surface temperature. In our survey of Daphnia in 10 lakes in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, Daphnia abundance was positively correlated with both dissolved organic carbon concentration and temperature. Finally, our short-term incubation experiment demonstrated significant effects of physical conditions (i.e., temperature and/or UV radiation) and water chemistry on the juvenile growth rate of Daphnia. Overall, our findings highlight the sensitivity of Daphnia to changes in mixing depth, water temperature, and dissolved organic matter, three limnological variables that are highly sensitive to changes not only in air temperature, but also to precipitation and location of the treeline in alpine catchments. Thus, we conclude that Daphnia abundance could serve as a powerful sentinel response to climate change in alpine lakes of the Rocky Mountains.

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Acknowledgments

Erin Overholt and Patricia Sanford provided invaluable technical support and guidance in paleocladoceran work. David Schindler and Brian Parker collected and shared the historic data from Pipit Lake. We thank the Parks Canada Agency for their permission to conduct our research in the national mountain parks of Canada (YNP-2008-1585, KOONP-2009-3154). This study was supported by Franklin and Marshall College, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through its grant in support of faculty development within the Central Pennsylvania Consortium, a Kayal Memorial Scholarship to JCE, Miami University Department of Zoology’s Field Workshop Program, and grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0734277 and DGE IGERT-0903560) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 17604-3003, USA

    Janet M. Fischer, Mark H. Olson & Jennifer C. Everhart

  2. Department of Zoology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    Craig E. Williamson, Paula J. Hogan, Jeremy A. Mack & Kevin C. Rose

  3. School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Jasmine E. Saros

  4. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Jasmine E. Saros & Jeffery R. Stone

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada

    Rolf D. Vinebrooke

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  1. Janet M. Fischer
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Correspondence to Janet M. Fischer.

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Guest editors: H. Eggermont & K. Martens / Cladocera as indicators of environmental change

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Fischer, J.M., Olson, M.H., Williamson, C.E. et al. Implications of climate change for Daphnia in alpine lakes: predictions from long-term dynamics, spatial distribution, and a short-term experiment. Hydrobiologia 676, 263–277 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0888-9

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