Abstract
We investigated the impact of different nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) compounds and concentrations on the growth of Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee in laboratory experiments, and possible links to blooms of this species at Hakozaki Fishing Port, Fukuoka, Japan. G. instriatum utilized only inorganic N compounds as N sources for growth. In contrast, G. instriatum utilized many inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds. We used the Monod equation to describe the growth rate of G. instriatum in N- or P-limited batch cultures as a function of ambient nutrient concentrations. Kinetic growth parameters for maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and half-saturation nutrient concentration (K S) were 0.57 divisions d−1 and 14.2 μmol l−1, respectively, under N-limitation and 0.65 divisions d−1 and 1.75 μmol l−1, respectively, under P-limitation. Compared with these K S values, all in situ average dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in Hakozaki Fishing Port were higher than K S for N, but all in situ average dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations were lower than K S for P, whether a red tide occurred or not bloom. Moreover, average DIP concentration in April (a month critical to red-tide genesis) of 2004 (a non-red-tide year) was less than half those in 2002 and 2003 (red-tide years). Thus, differences in DIP concentrations may be an important factor controlling blooms of G. instriatum in Hakozaki Fishing Port.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the staff of Fukuoka Fisheries and Marine Technology Research Center (FFMTRC), especially C. Yamamoto, for permitting us to use the autoanalyzer and other FFMTRC facilities. We also thank Dr. Y. Matsuyama for providing helpful insights on the manuscript.
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Nagasoe, S., Shikata, T., Yamasaki, Y. et al. Effects of nutrients on growth of the red-tide dinoflagellate Gyrodinium instriatum Freudenthal et Lee and a possible link to blooms of this species. Hydrobiologia 651, 225–238 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0301-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0301-0