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Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function

  • SHALLOW LAKES
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Abstract

Fish play a key role in the trophic dynamics of lakes, not least in shallow systems. With climate warming, complex changes in fish community structure may be expected owing to the direct and indirect effects of temperature, and indirect effects of eutrophication, water-level changes and salinisation on fish metabolism, biotic interactions and geographical distribution. We review published and new data supporting the hypotheses that, with a warming climate, there will be changes in: fish community structure (e.g. higher or lower richness depending on local conditions); life history traits (e.g. smaller body size, shorter life span, earlier and less synchronised reproduction); feeding mode (i.e. increased omnivory and herbivory); behaviour (i.e. stronger association with littoral areas and a greater proportion of benthivores); and winter survival. All these changes imply higher predation on zooplankton and macroinvertebrates with increasing temperatures, suggesting that the changes in the fish communities partly resemble, and may intensify, the effects triggered by eutrophication. Modulating factors identified in cold and temperate systems, such as the presence of submerged plants and winter ice cover, seem to be weaker or non-existent in warm(ing) lakes. Consequently, in the future lower nutrient thresholds may be needed to obtain clear-water conditions and good ecological status in the future in currently cold or temperate lakes. Although examples are still scarce and more research is needed, we foresee biomanipulation to be a less successful restoration tool in warm(ing) lakes without a strong reduction of the nutrient load.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers and A.M. Poulsen and Guest Editor Brian Moss for most valuable manuscript editing and Tinna Christensen for graphical assistance. The results described were obtained during the EU BIOMAN, EU EUROLIMPACS and EU WISER projects, and the CLEAR project (a Villum Kann Rasmussen Centre of Excellence Project). This study was also supported by the Research Council for Nature and Universe (272-08-0406), the STF project CRES and the Greenland Climate Research Centre. Moreover, MM, FTM, CI and NM received support from the SNI (Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación, ANII, Uruguay). Monitoring of Swedish lakes was funded by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark

    Erik Jeppesen, Mariana Meerhoff, Martin Søndergaard, Torben L. Lauridsen, Rikke Bjerring, Carlos Iglesias & David Balayla

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé, Building 135, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark

    Erik Jeppesen & Carlos Iglesias

  3. Grupo de Ecología y Rehabilitación de Sistemas Acuáticos, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Mariana Meerhoff, Ivan González-Bergonzoni, Franco Teixeira-de Mello, Néstor Mazzeo & Carlos Iglesias

  4. Asociación Civil Investigación y Desarrollo I+D, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Mariana Meerhoff, Ivan González-Bergonzoni, Franco Teixeira-de Mello & Carlos Iglesias

  5. Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish Board of Fisheries, SE-178 93, Drottningholm, Sweden

    Kerstin Holmgren & Maja Reizenstein

  6. Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. De Beriotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Steven A. J. Declerck & Luc De Meester

  7. Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Ramón y Cajal 4 (edif. Fray Luis de Granada), 18071, Granada, Spain

    José Maria Conde-Porcuna

  8. Natural History Museum of Kópavogur, Hamraborg 6a, 200, Kópavogur, Iceland

    Hilmar J. Malmquist

  9. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, 210008, Nanjing, China

    Zhengwen Liu

  10. Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Zhengwen Liu

  11. IRD, UMR 207 BOREA, CP 53, 61 rue Buffon, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France

    Xavier Lazzaro

Authors
  1. Erik Jeppesen
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  2. Mariana Meerhoff
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  3. Kerstin Holmgren
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  4. Ivan González-Bergonzoni
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  5. Franco Teixeira-de Mello
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  6. Steven A. J. Declerck
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  7. Luc De Meester
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  8. Martin Søndergaard
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  9. Torben L. Lauridsen
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  11. José Maria Conde-Porcuna
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  12. Néstor Mazzeo
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  13. Carlos Iglesias
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  14. Maja Reizenstein
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  15. Hilmar J. Malmquist
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  16. Zhengwen Liu
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  17. David Balayla
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  18. Xavier Lazzaro
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Erik Jeppesen or Mariana Meerhoff.

Additional information

We dedicate this manuscript to the memory of Jane Stougaard-Pedersen, a great and beloved colleague from the Freshwater Department, NERI.

Guest editors: M. Meerhoff, M. Beklioglu, R. Burks, F. García-Rodríguez, N. Mazzeo & B. Moss / Structure and Function of World Shallow Lakes: Proceedings from the 6th Shallow Lakes Congress, held in Punta del Este, Uruguay, 23–28 November, 2008

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Jeppesen, E., Meerhoff, M., Holmgren, K. et al. Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function. Hydrobiologia 646, 73–90 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0171-5

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