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The consequences of changes in abundance of Callianassa subterranea and Amphiura filiformis on sediment erosion at the Frisian Front (south-eastern North Sea)

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Abstract

In the early 1990’s a conspicuous shift took place in the density of two key macrofauna species at the Frisian Front (SE North Sea). The density of the formerly dominant brittlestar Amphiura filiformis showed tenfold reduction and remained low throughout the observation period (1986–2000). In the same period, the burrowing mud shrimp Callianassa subterranea showed a fourfold increase in density. Since the Frisian Front is a transition area where tidal currents fall just below the erosion threshold of silt and bioturbating mud shrimps can potentially affect the sediment erosion threshold, we examined the effects of the species on sediment erodibility. Two experiments were conducted in laboratory annular flumes. In the first experiment we compared the effects of pre-shift and post-shift combinations of the two species on the erodibility of Frisian Front sediment. The results indicated that the erosion was facilitated by a combination of high densities of C. subterranea and low densities of A. filiformis, representing the situation in the late 1990s. The difference in erodibility was already apparent at velocities equal to the critical near-bed current speed measured at the Frisian Front. In the second experiment the effects of pre- and post-shift densities of A. filiformis on sediment erodibility were compared. This showed that low A. filiformis densities as found in the late 1990’s facilitate erosion, but the effect is only significant at velocities above the critical near-bed velocity in the field. At the latter velocity, no significant difference in erodibility was found between the two A. filiformis densities. This implies that the difference in turbidity in the first experiment was mainly due to the activity of C. subterranea. The experimental results indicate that resuspension at the Frisian Front may occur more frequently as a result of the shift towards a Callianassa dominated community. More frequent resuspension of bottom sediment, most likely amplified by the climate induced increase of wind strength in the North Sea, may hamper the recovery of the A. filiformis adult population.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to specially thank John Beijer for giving support in the use of the Hydrocopter and for all the cooperation offered. We thank Sanne Schulting for her assistance during field trips and her substantial contribution to the laboratory experiments. The crew of RV Pelagia and all the volunteers are acknowledged for their help in collecting the samples. This study was supported by a grant awarded by Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) to Teresa Amaro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK

    Teresa P. F. Amaro

  2. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, Den Burg, Texel, 1790 AB, The Netherlands

    Gerard C. A. Duineveld, Magda J. N. Bergman & Rob Witbaard

  3. Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8080, Wageningen, 6700 DD, The Netherlands

    Marten Scheffer

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  1. Teresa P. F. Amaro
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Correspondence to Magda J. N. Bergman.

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Amaro, T.P.F., Duineveld, G.C.A., Bergman, M.J.N. et al. The consequences of changes in abundance of Callianassa subterranea and Amphiura filiformis on sediment erosion at the Frisian Front (south-eastern North Sea). Hydrobiologia 589, 273–285 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0750-2

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