Abstract
Small ponds ( ≤ 2 ha) are often a common landscape feature, but their ecology has been less well studied than that of lakes. Studies of some lakes and reservoirs show among-year repeatability in the seasonal abundance of different zooplankton (i.e., succession). For small ponds the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton community structure are relatively unstudied, as are any mechanisms underlying these dynamics. We took a community-level approach to studying the spring–summer abundance of zooplankton in two small Ohio ponds. In particular we wanted to know if repeatable patterns exist for zooplankton community structure in these ponds. We surveyed the spring–summer zooplankton communities in the ponds from 2001 to 2003 and used community-level ordination techniques (i.e., non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS) to characterize the assemblages. For both ponds the seasonal pattern of total zooplankton abundance differed significantly among years. We found that the proportional abundance of taxa across the season also varied among years. Elements of the zooplankton community, as described by the NMDS dimensions, showed among-year variation in the spring–summer trajectories that developed. Some of the variation in these zooplankton communities was associated with seasonal changes in water temperature. This among-year variation in the seasonal pattern of zooplankton community structure suggests that community dynamics in these small ponds may not be very repeatable. These complex dynamics of zooplankton thus challenges us to improve our characterization of zooplankton communities in small ponds such that we can better understand the factors that drive the patterns we observe.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Adrain R. Deneke (1996) ArticleTitlePossible impact of mild winters on zooplankton succession in euthrophic lakes of the Atlantic European area Freshwater Biology 36 757–770
R. Adrian N. Walz T. Hintze S. Hoeg R. Rusche (1999) ArticleTitleEffects of ice duration on plankton succession during spring in a shallow polymictic lake Freshwater Biology 41 621–632 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2427.1999.00411.x
J. Bengtsson (1987) ArticleTitleCompetitive dominance among Cladocera: are single-factor explanantions enough? Hydrobiologia 145 245–257
J. Benndorf J. Kranich T. Mehner A. Wagner (2001) ArticleTitleTemperature impact on the midsummer decline of Daphnia galeata: an analysis of long-term data from the biomanipulated Bautzen reservoir (Germany) Freshwater Biology 46 199–211 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00657.x
C. Brönmark L -A. Hansson (1998) The Biology of Lakes and Ponds Oxford University Press Inc New York
J. L. Brooks S. I. Dodson (1965) ArticleTitlePredation, body size, and composition of plankton Science 150 28–35 Occurrence Handle17829740
C. E. Cáceres (1998) ArticleTitleSeasonal dynamics and interspecific competition in Oneida Lake Daphnia Oecologia 115 233–244
K. R. Clark (1993) ArticleTitleNon-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure Australian Journal of Ecology 18 117–143
F. Costa W. Magnusson (2002) ArticleTitleSelective logging effects on abundance, diversity, and composition of tropical understory herbs Ecological Applications 12 807–819
M. Cryer G. Peirson C. R. Townsend (1986) ArticleTitleReciprocal interactions between roach, Rutilus rutilus, and zooplankton in a small lake: Prey dynamics and fish growth and recruitment Limnology and Oceanography 31 1022–1038
W. R. DeMott (1983) ArticleTitleSeasonal succession in a natural Daphnia assemblage Ecological Monographs 53 321–340
W. R. DeMott (1989) The role of competition in zooplankton succession U. Sommer (Eds) Plankton Ecology: Succession in Plankton Communities Springer-Verlag New York
D. G. George G. P. Harris (1985) ArticleTitleThe effect of climate on long-term changes in the crustacean zooplankton of Lake Windermere, UK Nature 316 536–539 Occurrence Handle10.1038/316536a0
Z. M. Gliwicz J. Pijanowska (1989) The role of predation in zooplankton succession U. Sommer (Eds) Plankton Ecology: Succession in Plankton Communities Springer-Verlag New York
X. He M. D. Scheurell P. A. Soranno R. A. Wright (1994) ArticleTitleRecurrent response patterns of a zooplankton community to whole-lake fish manipulation Freshwater Biology 32 61–72
S. S. Hu A. J. Tessier (1995) ArticleTitleSeasonal succession and the strength of intra- and interspecific competition in a Daphnia assemblage Ecology 76 2278–2294
S. Hülsmann (2003) ArticleTitleRecruitment patterns of Daphnia: a key for understanding midsummer declines? Hydrobiologia 491 35–46
N. C. Kenkel L. Orloci (1986) ArticleTitleApplying metric and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to ecological studies: some new results Ecology 67 919–928
T. K. Kratz T. M. Frost J. J. Magnuson (1987) ArticleTitleInferences from spatial and temporal variability in ecosystems: long-term zooplankton data from lakes American Naturalist 129 830–846 Occurrence Handle10.1086/284678
J. B. Kruskal M. Wish (1990) Multidimensional Scaling. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences 07–011 Sage Publications London
W. Lampert H. Fleckner H. Rai B. E. Taylor (1986) ArticleTitlePlankton control by grazing zooplankton: a study on the spring clear-water phase Limnology and Oceanography 31 478–490 Occurrence Handle10.4319/lo.1986.31.3.0478
A. D. Lemly J. F. Dimmick (1982) ArticleTitleGrowth of young of the year and yearling centrarchids in relation to zooplankton in the littoral zone of lakes Copeia 1982 305–321
C. Luecke M. J. Vanni J. J. Magnuson J. F. Kitchell P. T. Jacobson (1990) ArticleTitleSeasonal regulation of Daphnia populations by planktivorous fish: implications for the spring clear-water phase Limnology and Oceanography 35 1718–1733
J. A. Ludwig J. F. Reynolds (1988) Statistical Ecology John Wiley & Sons, Inc New York
P. Legendre M. J. Anderson (1999) ArticleTitleDistance-based redundancy analysis: testing multispecies responses in multifactorial ecological experiments Ecological Monographs 69 1–24
M. Lynch (1978) ArticleTitleComplex interactions between natural coexploiters Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia Ecology 59 552–564
G. Milbrink M. Kruse J. Bengtsson (2003) ArticleTitleCompetitive ability and life history strategies in four species of Daphnia: D. obtuse, D. magna, D. pulex, and D. longispina Archive für Hydrobiologie 157 433–453
E. L. Mills J. L. Forney (1983) ArticleTitleImpact on Daphnia pulex of predation by young perch on Oneida Lake, New York Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112 154–161 Occurrence Handle10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112<154:IODPOP>2.0.CO;2
M. Moore C. Folt (1993) ArticleTitleZooplankton body size and community structure: effects of thermal and toxicant stress Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8 178–182 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0169-5347(93)90144-E
A. I. Pollard M. J. Gonzalez M. J. Vanni J. L. Headworth (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of turbidity and biotic factors on the rotifer community in an Ohio reservoir Hydrobiologia 387/388 215–223
D. M. Post S. R. Carpenter D. L. Christensen K. L. Cottingham J. F. Kitchell D. E. Schindler J. R. Hodgson (1997) ArticleTitleSeasonal effects of variable recruitment of a dominant piscivore on pelagic food web structure Limnology and Oceanography 42 722–729
G. P. Quinn M. J. Keough (2002) Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists Cambridge University Press Cambridge, United Kingdom
J. E. Rettig (2003) ArticleTitleZooplankton responses to predation by larval bluegill: an enclosure experiment Freshwater Biology 48 636–648 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01035.x
J. A. Rusak N. D. Yan K. M. Somers D. J. McQueen (1999) ArticleTitleThe temporal coherence of zooplankton population abundances in neighboring north-temperate lakes The American Naturalist 153 46–58 Occurrence Handle10.1086/303147
M. Scheffer S. Rinaldi Y. A. Kuznetsov (2000) ArticleTitleEffects of fish on plankton dynamics: a theoretical analysis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 1208–1219 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjfas-57-6-1208
U. Sommer Z. M. Gliwicz W. Lampert A. Duncan (1986) ArticleTitleThe PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in freshwaters Archiv für Hydrobiologie 106 433–471
C. F. Steiner (2004) ArticleTitleDaphnia dominance and zooplankton community structure in fishless ponds Journal of Plankton Research 26 799–810 Occurrence Handle10.1093/plankt/fbh067
R. W. Sterner D. O. Hessen (1994) ArticleTitleAlgal nutrient limitation and the nutrition of aquatic herbivores Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25 1–29 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.000245
W. D. Taylor H. -J. Fricker D. R. S. Lean (1987) ArticleTitleZooplankton seasonal succession in Lake Ontario at northshore, midlake, and southshore stations in 1982, and a comparison with 1970 Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44 2178–2184
A. J. Tessier J. Welser (1991) ArticleTitleCladoceran assemblages, seasonal succession and the importance of a hypolimnetic refuge Freshwater Biology 25 85–93
S. T. Threlkeld (1979) ArticleTitleThe midsummer dynamics of two Daphnia species in Wintergreen Lake, Michigan Ecology 60 165–179
S. T. Threlkeld (1983) ArticleTitleSpatial and temportal variation in the summer zooplankton community of a riverine reservoir Hydrobiologia 107 249–254 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00036694
J. Urabe J. Clasen R. W. Sterner (1997) ArticleTitlePhosphorus limitation of Daphnia growth: is it real? Limnology and Oceanography 42 1436–1443 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhtlyjt7w%3D
C. N Ende Particlevon (1993) Repeated-measures analysis: growth and other time-dependent measures S. M. Scheiner J. Gurevitch (Eds) Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments Chapman & Hall New York 113–137
N. A. Welschmeyer (1994) ArticleTitleFluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments Limnology and Oceanography 39 1985–1992 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXks1Sru70%3D Occurrence Handle10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1985
L. Wilkinson G. Blank C. Grubar (1996) Desktop Data Analysis with Systat Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ
M. Winder D. E. Schindler (2004) ArticleTitleClimatic effects on the phenology of lake processes Global Change Biology 10 1844–1856 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00849.x
W. C. Wolfinbarger (1999) ArticleTitleInfluences of biotic and abiotic factors on seasonal succession of zooplankton in Hugo Reservoir, Oklahoma, USA Hydrobiologia 400 13–31 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1003738608697
J. H. Zar (1996) Biostatistcal Analysis Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ
T. Zaret (1980) Predation and Freshwater Communities Yale University Press New Haven, CT
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rettig, J.E., Schuman, L.S. & McCloskey, J.K. Seasonal Patterns of Abundance: Do Zooplankton in Small Ponds do the Same Thing Every Spring–Summer?. Hydrobiologia 556, 193–207 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1278-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1278-y