Abstract
Patella vulgata is a boreal cold temperate species and is the dominant limpet in northern Europe. Few works have focussed on the population genetics of this species. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the degree of genetic and morphological differentiation of P. vulgata on a macroscale by using 20 allozyme loci and 6 morphological variables. Samples were taken from the following locations: Dingle Peninsula (Southwest Ireland), Port Erin (Southwest Isle of Man), St. Bees Head (north Cumbria, England), St. Agnes Head (north Cornwall, England), Cellar Beach (south Devon, England), Whitley Bay (north Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, England), Sines (Portugal), and Pointe de Chanchardon, La Rochelle (Bay of Biscay, France). Morphological variables were analysed by the multivariate Canonical discriminant analysis. Genetic variation was assessed by diversity measures such as polymorphism and heterozygosity; genetic subdivision of P. vulgata population was determined by the estimator θ of F ST, and the genetic similarity between populations was measured by Nei’s genetic identity. No significant morphological differentiation was observed among samples. Moderate genetic population subdivision was observed (θ = 0.137±0.074) despite great geographic distances. The minimum genetic identity observed was between Ireland and France (I = 0.942) and maximum was observed between Portugal and north-east England (I=0.998). Two main groups were shown by UPGMA cluster analysis (I = 0.965). One formed by Irish, Manx, north Cumbria, and curiously, south Devon samples, while the second includes Portuguese, French, north-Newcastle-upon-thyne, and north Cornwall samples. No association (g = 0.956; p>0.050) was found between pair-wise genetic divergence and geographic distance separating subpopulations, mainly due to an unexpected pattern of genetic heterogeneity found in Southwest England.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballantine, W. J., 1961. The population dynamics of Patella vulgata and other limpets. Unpublished Thesis, University of London, London.
D. T. Blackmore (1969) ArticleTitleStudies of Patella vulgata L. I. Growth, reproduction and zonal distribution Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3 200–213
D. Boaventura L. C. da Fonseca S. J. Hawkins (2002) ArticleTitleAnalysis of competitive interactions between the limpets Patella depressa Pennant and Patella vulgata L. on the northern coast of Portugal Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 271 171–188 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00044-8
D. Q. Bowen G. A. Sykes (1988) ArticleTitleCorrelation of marine events and glaciation on the northeast Atlantic margin Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 318 619–635
R. S. Bowman (1981) ArticleTitleThe morphology of Patella spp. juveniles in Britain, and some phylogenetic inferences Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 61 647–666 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0025315400048104
R. S. Bowman J. R. Lewis (1977) ArticleTitleAnnual fluctuations in the recruitment of Patella vulgata L Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57 793–815
Côrte-Real, H. B. S. M., 1992. Taxonomy and population genetics of exploited species of Patella in the Azores, Madeira, and Canaries. Unpublished Thesis, University of Liverpool, Port Erin.
H. B. S. M. Côrte-Real S. J. Hawkins J. P. Thorpe (1996) ArticleTitlePopulation differentiation and taxonomic status of the exploited limpet Patella candei in the Macaronesian islands (Azores, Madeira, Canarias) Marine Biology 125 141–152
J. Delany A. A. Myers D. McGrath (1998) ArticleTitleRecruitment, immigration and population structure of two coexisting limpets species in mid-shore tidepools, on the West Coast of Ireland Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 221 221–230 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00129-9
J. S. Farris (1981) Cladistics and Molecular Biology. Distance data in phylogenetic analysis V. A. Funk D. R. Brooks (Eds) Advances in Cladistics. Proceedings of the first meeting of the Willig Hennig Society Allen Press Lawrence 3–24
Y. Fujio R. Yamanaka P. J. Smith (1983) ArticleTitleGenetic variation in marine molluscs Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 49 1809–1817
J. Goudet (1995) ArticleTitleFSTAT (version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics The Journal of Heredity 86 485–486
Y. B. Gladenkov P. Norton G. Spaink (1980) ArticleTitleUpper cenozoic of Iceland (Stratigraphy of Pliocene–Pleistocene and paleontological assemblages) Trudy Geologicheskii Institut, Leningrad 345 1–116
M. T. Guerra M. J. Gaudencio (1986) ArticleTitleAspects of the ecology of Patella spp. on the portugueses coast Hydrobiologia 142 57–69 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00026747
R. G. Hartnoll J. R. Wright (1977) ArticleTitleForaging movements and homing in the limpet Patella vulgata L Animal Behaviour 25 806–810 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-3472(77)90034-3
S. J. Hawkins (1981) ArticleTitleThe influence of season and barnacles on the algae colonization of Patella vulgata exclusion areas Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the U.K. 61 1–15 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S0025315400045872
S. J. Hawkins R. G. Hartnoll J. M. Kain T. A. Norton (1992) Plant–animal interactions on hard substrata in the north-east Atlantic D. M. John S. J. Hawkins J. H. Price (Eds) Plant–Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos Clarendon Press Oxford 1–32
D. Hedgecock (1994a) ArticleTitleTemporal and spacial genetic structure of marine animal populations in the California Current California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, Reports 35 73–81
D. Hedgecock (1994b) Does variance in reproductive success limit effective population sizes of marine organisms? A. R. Beaumont (Eds) Genetics and Evolution of Aquatic Organisms Chapman & Hall London 122–134
Hedgecock, D., M. L. Tracey & K. Nelson, 1982. Genetics. In Abele, L. G. (ed.), The Biology of Crustacea. Academic Press, Inc, New York: 6., 283–403.
T. J. Hilbish E. W. Carson J. R. Plante L. A. Weaver M. R. Gilg (2002) ArticleTitleDistribution of Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, and their hybrids in open-coast populations of mussels in southwestern England Marine Biology 140 137–142
C. D. Hurst D. O. F. Skibinski (1995) ArticleTitleComparison of allozyme and mitochondrial DNA spatial differentiation in the limpet Patella vulgata Marine Biology 122 257–263 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmslSqsb8%3D
S. R. Jenkins R. G. Hartnoll (2001) ArticleTitleFood supply, grazing activity and growth rate in the limpet Patella vulgata L.: a comparison between exposed and sheltered shores Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 258 123–139 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00211-8 Occurrence Handle11239630
N. S. Jones (1948) ArticleTitleObservations and experiments on the biology of Patella vulgata at Port St. Mary, Isle of man Proceedings of the Transactions of the Liverpool Biology Society 56 60–77
J. R. Lewis (1964) Ecology of Rocky Coasts English Universities Press Ltd London
J. R. Lewis R. Bowman (1975) ArticleTitleLocal habitat-induced variations in the population of Patella vulgata L Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 17 165–203 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-0981(75)90029-5
G. Li D. Hedgecock (1998) ArticleTitleGenetic heterogeneity, detected by PCR-SSCP, among samples of larval Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) supports the hypothesis of large variance in reproductive success Canadian Journal of Fish Aquatic Sciences 55 1025–1033 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkslOhtro%3D
A. Liedloff (1999) Mantel Nonparametric Test Calculator for windows EditionNumberversion 2.00 Queensland University of Technology Brisbane
M. Nei (1978) ArticleTitleEstimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from small number of individuals Genetics 89 583–590 Occurrence Handle17248844
J. H. Orton A. J. Southward J. M. Dodd (1956) ArticleTitleStudies on the biology of limpets. II. The breeding of Patella vulgata L. in Britain Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 35 149–176
F. G. Pannacciulli J. D. D. Bishop S. J. Hawkins (1997) ArticleTitleGenetic structure of populations of two species of Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in the north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean Marine Biology 128 73–82 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002270050070
S. A. Ridgway D. G. Reid J. D. Taylor G. M. Branch A. N. Hodgson (1998) ArticleTitleA cladistic phylogeny of the family Patellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 353 1645–1671 Occurrence Handle10.1098/rstb.1998.0316
D. E. Ruzzante C. T. Taggart D. Cook (1996) ArticleTitleSpatial and temporal variation in the genetic composition of a larval cod (Gadus morhua) aggregation: cohort contribution and genetic stability Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53 2695–2705
R. R. Sokal F. J. Rohlf (1995) Biometry EditionNumber3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Company New York
A. J. Southward E. C. Southward (1978) ArticleTitleRecolonisation of rocky shores in Cornwall after use of toxic dispersants to clean up the Torrey canyon Spill Journal of Fishery Research Board of Canada 35 682–706
D. L. Swofford R. B. Selander (1981) ArticleTitleBIOSYS 1: A Fortran program for the comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics Journal of Heredity 72 281–283
Weber, L. I., 2000. Estudos genéticos em siris do gênero Callinectes Stimpson (Crustaea) da região sul do Brasil: I. Estudos sistemáticos; II. Estudos populacionais. Unpublished Thesis. Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande.
L. I. Weber S. J. Hawkins (2002) ArticleTitleEvolution of the limpet Patella candei d’Orbigny (Mollusca, Patellidae) in Atlantic archipelagos: human intervention and natural processes Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77 341–353 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00102.x
C. S. Wilding J. W. Latchford A. R. Beaumont (1998) ArticleTitleAn investigation of possible stock structure in Pecten maximus (L.) using multivariate morphometrics, allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism Journal of Shellfish Research 17 131–139
F. C. Yeh T. J. B. Boyle (1997) ArticleTitlePopulation genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits Belgian Journal of Botany 129 157
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Weber, L., Hawkins, L. Allozymic Differentiation Among Geographically Distant Populations of Patella vulgata (Mollusca, Patellogastropoda). Hydrobiologia 553, 267–275 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1179-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1179-0