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Does Diversification Lead to Livelihood Security in Fishing-Farming Communities? Insight from the Senegal River Delta

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Abstract

Livelihood diversification is often regarded as a mechanism to reduce poverty, making rural communities more resilient to resource fluctuations. However, despite engaging in diversification, many rural households continue to grapple with poverty and vulnerability. We explore the extent to which livelihood diversification reduces vulnerability of resource-dependent livelihoods and the factors shaping these outcomes. We specifically examine fishing households also engaged in farming as a supplementary income-generating activity in three communities in the Senegal River Delta. We apply a framework built on the concepts associated with livelihood security (i.e., income, asset, food, and nutritional security). We address the question of how and why engaging in farming as a livelihood diversification strategy enhances the livelihood security of some fishing households but not others. Overall, we found that commercial horticulture (irrigated) rather than rain-fed agriculture was more effective at reducing household seasonal vulnerability to food and income insecurity, in addition to improving nutritional security at the community level. Furthermore, households that collected high farm revenues were able to build their productive assets by purchasing fishing gears and livestock. Underlying factors shaping these outcomes included risk, crop diversity, household debt accrued, livestock holdings, and technical knowledge.

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Notes

  1. We use the terms commercial horticulture and horticulture interchangeably to refer to the production of fruits and vegetable for commercial purposes.

  2. Locals use the term “onion” farming to refer to commercial horticulture in general.

  3. Coaxer is the term used locally to refer to the middleman between the farmer and the buyer.

  4. Ross Bethio is the nearest town located at 11 miles from Diadieme.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Aby L. Sène-Harper

  2. Ministère de Environnement et du Développement Durable, Dakar, Sénégal

    Samba M. E. Camara

  3. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    David Matarrita-Cascante

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  1. Aby L. Sène-Harper
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  2. Samba M. E. Camara
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Correspondence to Aby L. Sène-Harper.

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Sène-Harper, A.L., Camara, S.M.E. & Matarrita-Cascante, D. Does Diversification Lead to Livelihood Security in Fishing-Farming Communities? Insight from the Senegal River Delta. Hum Ecol 47, 797–809 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00121-8

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