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Social and environmental risks as contributors to the clinical course of heart failure

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Abstract

Heart failure is a major contributor to healthcare expenditures. Many clinical risk factors for the development and exacerbation of heart failure had been reported, including diabetes, renal dysfunction, and respiratory disease. In addition to these clinical parameters, the effects of social factors, such as occupation or lifestyle, and environmental factors may have a great impact on disease development and progression of heart failure. However, the current understanding of social and environmental factors as contributors to the clinical course of heart failure is insufficient. To present the knowledge of these factors to date, this comprehensive review of the literature sought to identify the major contributors to heart failure within this context. Social factors for the risk of heart failure included occupation and lifestyle, specifically in terms of the effects of specific occupations, occupational exposure to toxicities, work style, and sleep deprivation. Socioeconomic factors focused on income and education level, social status, the neighborhood environment, and marital status. Environmental factors included traffic and noise, air pollution, and other climate factors. In addition, psychological stress and behavior traits were investigated. The development of heart failure may be closely related to these factors; therefore, these data should be summarized for the context to improve their effects on patients with heart failure. The present study reviews the literature to summarize these influences.

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Koichi Narita: collecting literature data, writing, a manuscript and table design. Eisuke Amiya: collecting literature data, writing, a manuscript, text supervising, and final approval.

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Correspondence to Eisuke Amiya.

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EA belongs to the Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, which is endowed by Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical, NIPRO CORPORATION, Terumo Corp., Senko Medical Instrument Mfg., Century Medical Inc., Kinetic Concepts Inc., and St. Jude Medical. The other author has no conflicts of interest to disclose. There are no patents, products in development, or marketed products to declare.

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Narita, K., Amiya, E. Social and environmental risks as contributors to the clinical course of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 27, 1001–1016 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10116-7

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